FAQ

Liposuction should not be seen as an operation applied to people who do not want to do diet and sports. Patients who apply to aesthetic and plastic surgery specialists for liposuction should definitely be questioned whether they are on a diet or not. Patients need to have a balanced diet and exercise regimen in order to be healthy and to lose their excess weight. Operation requests of patients who do not do sports and diet and want to get rid of their excess fat with liposuction should not be accepted. Because in patients who do not change their life and movement patterns, it is seen that the increase in fat continues after the operation. Despite reaching the ideal weight, liposuction is an effective solution if the fat deposits that do not dissolve in the body remain.

Liposuction should not be seen as an operation applied to people who do not want to do diet and sports. Patients who apply to aesthetic and plastic surgery specialists for liposuction should definitely be questioned whether they are on a diet or not. Patients need to have a balanced diet and exercise regimen in order to be healthy and to lose their excess weight. Operation requests of patients who do not do sports and diet and want to get rid of their excess fat with liposuction should not be accepted. Because in patients who do not change their life and movement patterns, it is seen that the increase in fat continues after the operation. Despite reaching the ideal weight, liposuction is an effective solution if the fat deposits that do not dissolve in the body remain.

Thyroid cancer develops in about 5percent of all thyroid nodules. They are 4 times more common in females than males.

The prostate, which is part of the male reproductive system, is a gland just below the urinary bladder, at the front of the intestines, surrounding the outlet of the urinary bladder. The prostate, whose main task is to produce the fluid that protects the sperm and to store the sperm in this fluid in a healthy way, also prevents urinary incontinence by squeezing the mouth of the bladder with sphincter muscles. The prostate capsule, which is divided into three areas surrounded by the capsule, separates the prostate from other parts of the body.

HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer (Human Papilloma Virus), which is seen in more than 95% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer, is a virus that infects the genital area and spreads through contact. It causes warts in the sexual area and cancer in the external genital area and reproductive tract of the cervix, especially in women. The HPV virus is highly insidious and can continue to spread for months without showing any symptoms. Symptoms of the virus are called “silent infection” when they are encountered a few months or years after transmission.

HPV virus can cause genital warts in women and men, as well as cervical cancer in women and penis cancer in men. HPV, an infection that needs to be taken seriously, can be controlled by some people's immune systems. It should be kept in mind that a virus that cannot be neutralized by the immune system can also maintain its existence for years without showing any symptoms. Without any complaint, the person can carry the infection for years. This does not prevent the spread of the disease, and the virus may continue to be transmitted during intercourse.

HPV virus types are divided into risk groups according to the probability of causing cervical cancer. The types that cause more warts are the ones that are in the low-risk group for cervical cancer. Therefore, it is not possible that every genital wart will turn into cervical cancer.

GENITAL WART TREATMENT

Warts that occur as a result of HPV virus infection can be treated by burning, freezing, or with the help of surgical or local creams. The disappearance of the wart as a result of this treatment does not mean that it will not appear again. In some people, genital warts do not recur after treatment; in others, genital wart formation can be observed at frequent intervals. Treatment should be repeated for each new genital wart formation. In HPV virus infections, it is known that the person can spontaneously remove the virus from the body without treatment.

Although the meat is very popular on the barbecue, cooking the meat to a burning point and using too much salt while marinating causes the meat to turn into a carcinogenic food. Especially in the eastern regions, we are more often exposed to smoked foods. Smoked meat, fish, cheese, brine foods, raw meat, foods containing nitrate salts, canned and ready-to-eat foods can lead you to stomach cancer.

Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in men, less common in women. However, bladder cancer is a more fatal cancer in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 80 thousand people (62 thousand men, 18 thousand women) in the USA will be diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2019.

Nutrition in the breast cancer process positively affects breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer patients expect a nutrition list from the physician after the diagnosis of breast cancer in order not to get cancer again or to recover urgently and strengthen the defence system, and are disappointed when such a list is not given. Under false news, some private organizations marketing alternative medicine products, and the misleading information that individuals create in their patients and families; patients expect physicians to recommend some plants and write foods individually up to their ratios.

According to the researches, special supplements for nutrition after the diagnosis of cancer cause the patient's appetite to decrease, inadequate nutrition and weight loss. Apart from this, the "nutrition model recommended by nutritionists to all individuals that increases the rate of lean white meat from vegetable and fruit-based red meat" is sufficient for many cancer patients who have good general condition and can be fed. Studies have shown that special supplements for nutrition after cancer diagnosis only cause the patient's appetite to decrease, inadequate nutrition and weight loss.

In cases such as ongoing weight loss due to treatment and disease, inability to take food by mouth, mouth sores, prolonged diarrhoea, prolonged nausea, vomiting, vitamin deficiency during breast cancer treatment, special nutrition teams should provide intravenous or oral support with special foods and vitamins. Cancer patients should avoid overeating and salty foods! Patients with early-stage breast cancer should avoid overeating and salty foods, especially during their treatment, and should be careful about the appetite-enhancing, weight- and oedematous effects of cortisone, which is used to reduce allergic side effects before treatment.

In addition, high-calorie foods such as honey and molasses, which are consumed in this period in order not to be weak and weak, can cause undesirable and extremely difficult weight gain in patients. There is no herbal product that manages to enter the oncology literature as scientific evidence, except for the proven benefit of using Ginger 0.5-1mg orally as a pill for nausea and vomiting in the treatment of both breast cancer and all other cancers. Attention! Herbal products can harm patients. The use of vitamins, which have been popular in the last 20 years, has found an intensive use with the assumption that "it will keep us young, smooth our skin and protect us from side effects during cancer treatments". However, as a result of comprehensive studies conducted in the last 5 years, it has been found that unnecessary vitamins used outside the physician's recommendation harm the body rather than benefit and even cause an increase in some cancer types. Upon this, alternative medicine market and marketers in the world and in our country have turned their targets into herbal products. However, unwanted interactions of these products, which seem natural, especially with chemotherapy and other medical treatments, leave many patients and the physician who takes responsibility for treatment in a difficult situation.

Allogeneic transplantation, that is the process of transplanting stem cells taken from someone else, has some advantages and disadvantages. Although basic philosophy seems to be the same as autologous transplantation, patient's own tissue and organs may be damaged due to undetectable tissue incompatibilities despite full compatibility when cells of another person are transplanted. Immune cells of donor can damage the recipient's organs because by perceiving the patient's tissues as foreign. This can threaten the patient's life. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to take drugs that suppress the immune system for a long time. These drugs can also lead to some side effects in patients. The advantage of bone marrow cells taken from someone else is that these lymphoid cells can also detect and destroy cancer cells in the patient. For this reason, it is aimed to ensure that transplanted cells destroy cancer cells and their damaging effects to the patient are prevented as much as possible by delicately being adjusted these cells and drugs. The fact that this balance is well maintained extremely reduces the chances of recurrence of the disease with a very successful allogeneic transplantation.

Allogeneic transplantation, that is the process of transplanting stem cells taken from someone else, has some advantages and disadvantages. Although basic philosophy seems to be the same as autologous transplantation, patient's own tissue and organs may be damaged due to undetectable tissue incompatibilities despite full compatibility when cells of another person are transplanted. Immune cells of donor can damage the recipient's organs because by perceiving the patient's tissues as foreign. This can threaten the patient's life. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to take drugs that suppress the immune system for a long time. These drugs can also lead to some side effects in patients. The advantage of bone marrow cells taken from someone else is that these lymphoid cells can also detect and destroy cancer cells in the patient. For this reason, it is aimed to ensure that transplanted cells destroy cancer cells and their damaging effects to the patient are prevented as much as possible by delicately being adjusted these cells and drugs. The fact that this balance is well maintained extremely reduces the chances of recurrence of the disease with a very successful allogeneic transplantation.

Firstly, a specialist physician should made physical examination. After manual physical examination, stool tests are performed. As a result of appearance of some signs at the end of the test, a colonoscopy should be performed. For early detection, colonoscopy, double contrast colon, rectal touching, rigid rectosigmoidoscopy, flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy can be performed.

It is necessary to protect yourself against hepatitis viruses to prevent liver cancer. Vaccination against Hepatitis B virus should be provided before it is too late. It is also necessary to avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it can cause cirrhosis and long-term liver cancer. By reducing the risk of obesity and diabetes, risk of fatty liver, cirrhosis and liver cancer that may occur with it.

Melanoma Skin Cancer
Melanoma is a skin cancer that begins in the cells called melanocyte that give the skin its color. It is called malignant melanoma or cutaneous (skin-borne) melanoma. Since most melanoma skin cancer cells continue to produce melanin, the tumor has usually brown or black color. However, some melanomas do not produce melanin.

In this case, the cancer can appear pink, yellowish brown or even white. Melanoma skin cancer can create cancer on nevi that are congenital or occur later on the skin and can be observed on any part of the skin covering the body, including the scalp and plantar area.

Melanoma skin cancer is common in the neck and back areas in men and is common in the legs, neck, and face in women. But cancer can also develop in the palms, plantar area, nails. In addition to all this, it can also occur in the eye, mouth, genital, or anal area, although it is rare. Melanoma, which is a type of treatable cancer when diagnosed at an early stage, can turn into a type of cancer that reduces the chances of treatment when it spreads quickly.

Other Types of Skin Cancer
Basal cell and squamous cell cancers mostly occur in areas that are too exposed to the sun, such as the head, neck, and arms. However, besides this, it is also found in other parts of the body.

Basal Cell Carcinoma: It is the most common skin cancer. It is a cancer that is mostly flat and solid, and that involves small, bumpy, pink, or red, transparent, shiny, pearl-sized swellings, that can easily bleed even in a small accident, in the area where it exists. Its middle is collapsed, and its area has blue, brown or black color. Large basal cell carcinomas have a crusted or spreading area.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma:It is the second most common skin cancer. It may appear in the form of a growing lump or ulcerated wound. Most often it has a hard, flaky, or crusty surface. In addition, it may also have a flat, red-spotted appearance that develops slowly. Both of these skin cancers can develop in a flat area, showing little change different from normal skin.

Actinic keratosis is also known as solar keratosis. Sometimes there may be a precancerous condition on the skin that occurs as a result of excessive exposure to the sun. Actinic keratosis is spot that usually pink-red or skin-colored and is small, solid, and flaky spots. It usually begins on the face, on the ears, on the hands and on the arms. However, it can also appear on other sun-exposed areas of the body. Actinic keratosis is usually very numerous. Some of them can develop inside of squamous cell cancers. Some of them remain same or proceed alone.

Two important answers can be given regarding how brain tumors are formed. The first is that it develops from brain cells, the other is that a tumor is spread from another area into the brain. If the brain tumor develops from its own cells, it is divided into benign (benign, benign) and malignant (malignant, malignant). Prevalence of a brain tumor in society is between 3-5 per 100 thousand people. It is more common in men than women and in yellow race. Meningioma, that is benign, is more common in women. Brain tumor occurs in almost every age range. At the same time, brain tumors vary according to the age. For example, a malignant brain tumor is more common in children and those who are over the age of 60. Benign brain tumor is more common in other age range.

Although exact causes of the brain tumor are not known, white race, male gender, and exposure to radiation are considered important risk factors in the family history. In addition, mobile phone use is also thought to affect the risk of brain tumors although it has not yet been proven.

Benign kidney tumors are completely eliminated by the treatments such as surgery or radiofrequency ablation, which are also used for kidney cancers, The choice of treatment depends on many factors, such as the size of the tumor and whether it causes any symptoms, the number of tumors, whether the tumors are in both kidneys, and general health of the person.

Angiomyolipoma: Angiomyolipomas are the most common benign kidney tumor. They are more common in women. They can develop in people with tuberous sclerosis which is a genetic condition.

These tumors are formed of different types of connective tissues (blood vessels, smooth muscles and fat). If they do not cause any symptoms, they can usually be closely followed. If it starts to cause problems (such as pain or bleeding...), they may need to be treated.

(Oncocytoma): Oncocytomas are benign kidney tumors that are not common, sometimes quite grow up. It occurs more often in men and does not spread to other organs. Since they cannot be radiologically separated from cancers, they must necessarily be removed.

It is possible to diagnose lung cancer at the beginning. With the low-dose tomography scans, it can be possible to obtain positive results in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Lung cancer can be diagnosed 80% with the low-dose thorax tomography performed in people who have been smoking for a long time after the age of 55.

If the parents have scoliosis, the child also has a risk of developing this disease. In the presence of a family history of scoliosis, the child should be followed up properly. It is important to ensure that the child gets regular exercise from a young age and that regular check-ups are not neglected.

Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours may be categorized by taking the tissues they are originated form into consideration. The tumours which are originated from the nerves are the tumours which are derived from the spinal cord itself. The tumours which are caused by the tissues and membrane which surround the spinal cord may be originated from the spine, that is, the osseous structure. The tumours originated from the spinal cord are two kinds:

• Astrocytoma
• Ependymoma

When you warn people with postural kyphosis, they can straighten themselves and they do not have a defect in their spine shape. The important point to note is where the postural roundback is straightened. If it is straightened from the most prominent spot, there is no problem. Sometimes while the most prominent spot of the postural roundback is not straightened, a slight straightening may happen on the upper and lower vertebral bones and this may cause a delusion about the straightening of the hunchback. When you tell the patients with Scheuermann –or structural- kyphosis to posture, they may not be able to straighten their hunchback even if they want. If the hunchback does not straighten or if you have any hesitation about its being straightened, you may need to consult a doctor and take professional assistance.

• It occurs due to congenital or developmental deconstruction of the joints between the lumbar bones (Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis).
• It is caused by unilateral or bilateral fractures of the joints in the lumbar vertebrae after some repetitive maneuvers that severely strain the lower back. It is often observed in young athletes (Isthmic Spondylolisthesis).
• It occurs after the spine and surrounding connective tissues ages and wears down. It is most commonly observed at the L4-5 level and is usually accompanied by a picture of narrow canal in the spine (Degenerative Spondylolisthesis).

*Traumatic Spondylolisthesis, which is observed due to fractures that occur after a serious trauma to the spine.
*Pathological Spondylolisthesis, which occurs due to regional or commonly observed bone diseases.

Factors that can increase the risk of lumbar disc herniation include:

Exessive weight– obesity: Rapid weight gain, excess body weight causes pressure on the discs in your lower back. The spine carries the weight of our body. Excessive pressure exposure causes deformation of the discs and disruption of their normal shape. In situations such as pregnancy and rapid weight gain, the forward displacement of the body's center of gravity causes an additional load on the spine.

Sedentary life: It is not only the spine that carries the load on the body. The functions of all neck, back, waist and abdominal muscles along the spine are also very important. In cases such as a sedentary life and not exercising regularly, muscles weaken and the biomechanical balance is disturbed. Additional load is placed on the spine. This load can be added on the discs, causing them to become herniated.

Profession: The risk of lumbar disc herniation is higher in people who work in professions that require heavy physical activity and weight lifting, physical strength-based occupations, and occupations that require standing or sitting for long periods of time. (Office workers, long-distance drivers, those who do football, weightlifting, rowing and wrestling sports, construction workers, etc.)

Genetics: Lumbar disc herniation is not a genetic disease, but the connective tissue weakness that causes the disease can be a predisposition to the disease, so in some people, the predisposition to lumbar disc herniation can be inherited from their family, the risk of developing lumbar disc herniation is higher in those who have people with lumbar disc herniation disease in their family.

Smoke: Toxic substances contained in cigarettes cause fluid loss, reducing the supply of oxygen to the disk. It is believed that this situation causes the disk to break down more quickly. For this reason, in addition to many other harmful effects, smoking should also be avoided because it increases the risk of lumbar disc herniation.

In bone marrow (stem cell) transplantation, it can take a long time to restore the immune system and to start producing healthy new blood cells. Immune recovery after transplantation depends on many variables. For example, immune improvement can last even up to five years depending on stem cell source used, immunosuppressive interventions performed, various problems that develop, and cell subtypes that can improve at different times. The patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation are at risk of infection during this time and should take precautions. In addition, a decrease in the number of blood cells can cause anemia, excessive bleeding, bruising in the body, and an increased risk of infection. Some patients may need blood transfusion for some time.

Possible complications associated with bone marrow transplantation include:

• Graft-versus-host disease (allogeneic transplantation only)
• Stem cell (graft) failure
• Organ damage
• Infections
• Cataract
• Infertility
• New cancers

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): Graft-versus-host disease occurs in allogeneic transplantations when transplanted cells begin to attack other cells in your body. It is a clinical syndrome that is mediated by T-lymphocytes that are taken from the donor and are given to the patient together with stem cells and is accompanied by organ dysfunction due to severe immunological reaction, and it is accepted as the most important cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). GVHD can occur immediately after transplantation or more than a year later.

There are two types of GVHD: acute and chronic. Acute GVHD usually occurs earlier, in the first months after transplantation. It usually affects your skin, digestive system, or liver. Chronic GVHD can cause severe damage to many organs.

Signs and symptoms of chronic GVHD include:

• Joint or muscular pain
• Shortness of breath
• Persistent cough
• Changes in vision
• Skin changes, including scar or skin stiffness under the skin
• Skin rashes
• Yellow color on your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
• Mouth sores
• Diarrhea
• Nausea, vomiting

First of all, the donors must donate their liver without any external pressure ion free will.
People under the age 18 cannot be a liver donor.
The donor must be at least a fourth degree relative. After the 4th degree, an ethical committee approval must be taken from Provincial Directorate of Health.
The blood group of taker and donor must be compatible.
Donor must not have a systemic disease history.
Donor must have a healthy liver and kidney functions.
Donor must not be above the age 55.

The process begins with the establishment of the blood groups of the donors-takers and tissue types.

Blood Group Test

There are four blood groups: A, B, AB and 0. Every person is compatible with one of these groups. There should be a compatibility of blood groups between the taker and the donor. The following list reveals the compatible blood groups:

• If the blood group of the taker is A, the blood group of the donor must be A or 0.
• If the blood group of the taker is B, the blood group of the donor must be B or 0.
• If the blood group of the taker is 0, the blood group of the donor must be 0.
• If the blood group of the taker is AB, the blood group of the donor may be A, B, AB or 0.
• The blood group of AB is the most compatible group; a person with AB blood group accepts all the other blood groups.

Tissue typing

The second test which is for the determination of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is named as tissue typing. Antigens are the determinants which take place in many cells of body and differentiate every individual as unique. These determinants are inherited from parents. Tissue typing test is a blood test which reveals the genetic structure (genetic fingerprint) of a person. In this way, it is investigated whether the tissue types of taker and donor are compatible or not.

Cross-coupling

During life, body produces elements which are named as antibodies to eliminate external materials. If a donor kidney is existent, a test which is named as cross-comparison is made to ensure that the taker does not have pre-formed antibodies against the donor.

The cross-comparison is made by mixing blood of the taker with the cells taken from the donor. If the result is positive, this means there are antibodies against the donor. The kidney should not be taken without a special treatment to reduce the levels of antibody. If the result is negative, this means the taker does not have antibodies against the donor and they are suitable to take the kidney. During the preparation for a living donor transplant, the cross comparison is made for a couple of times, the final one being 48 hours before the operation.

Serologic tests

In order to determine the suitable preventive medications after the transplantation, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), hepatitis and CMV (cytomegalovirus) tests are also done. These viruses are controlled in any potential donor to help the prevention of the disease from infecting the taker.

1. The entire process is planned at Memorial Hair Transplant Centers, and our experienced doctors open hair canals.
2. In Memorial Health Group hospitals, hair transplant operations are performed in accordance with sterilization rules.
3. Serious problems such as hepatitis B, HIV, AIDS, fungal infections, and various systemic infections can occur if hair transplantation is not performed under sterile conditions. Patients may experience pain, edema, scalp inflammation, bleeding, and skin collapse after the procedure, in addition to a cosmetically poor appearance.
4. Anesthesiologists perform sedation and anesthesia procedures at Memorial Health Group hair transplant centers. Pain threshold is increased by needle-free anesthesia (Dermojet application).
5. Slit and percutaneous needle methods used in hair transplantation may leave scars in the tissue. The canal angles may not be adjusted naturally. Thanks to DHI and Sapphire Fue hair transplantation techniques performed by Memorial Health Group, a natural and permanent look is achieved.
6. The use of Sapphire Fue to open the canals creates a natural and dense appearance and aids in the healing process.
7. Depending on the suitability of the donor area, a natural and dense appearance is sought by transplanting as many hair follicles as possible to the area to be planted.
8. With an unshaven hair transplant, you can continue your life without wasting time. Depending on the size of the planted area, it may be difficult to notice that hair transplantation is being performed.
9. One of the main advantages of performing hair transplant surgery in a fully equipped hospital is that if the person has an underlying health problem or various chronic diseases related to hair loss, they can be referred to other doctors in the industry and asked for advice.

• Breast size is a situation that needs to be decided jointly by exchanging ideas between the patient and the doctor.

  There are issues that should be considered at the first stage when deciding on breast size.

  • Chest wall features
  • Breast base dimensions
  • Positioning of the breast on the chest wall
  • The thickness of the breast tissue
  • Factors that may limit the choices, such as asymmetry between the breasts, are revealed by taking measurements.

  There are hundreds of different sizes of prostheses. The motivation of the patient for the surgery request is the most important factor in the decision mechanism and the shape and size of the prosthesis to be selected.

  How much change the patient wants and how noticeable the change will be should be discussed in detail. While some patients want a change that only their partners can notice, some patients may want a change that is noticeable in their social life. The important point here is to determine realistic and aesthetically appropriate limits and to provide the change desired by the patient within these limits.

• Breast size is a situation that needs to be decided jointly by exchanging ideas between the patient and the doctor.

  There are issues that should be considered at the first stage when deciding on breast size.

  • Chest wall features
  • Breast base dimensions
  • Positioning of the breast on the chest wall
  • The thickness of the breast tissue
  • Factors that may limit the choices, such as asymmetry between the breasts, are revealed by taking measurements.

  There are hundreds of different sizes of prostheses. The motivation of the patient for the surgery request is the most important factor in the decision mechanism and the shape and size of the prosthesis to be selected.

  How much change the patient wants and how noticeable the change will be should be discussed in detail. While some patients want a change that only their partners can notice, some patients may want a change that is noticeable in their social life. The important point here is to determine realistic and aesthetically appropriate limits and to provide the change desired by the patient within these limits.

Since it is anticipated that the musculoskeletal system will complete adequate development during rhinoplasty surgeries, it is expected that the children's bone development will be completed. The development of bone and cartilage structure, rather than age, is the basis for rhinoplasty. However, due to the child's psychology, prominent ear surgeries, which complete their development faster than the nose, can be performed as early as the age of six. Even though this is not the absolute limit in plastic surgery, it should be noted that anesthesia and postoperative complications may increase with age. However, aesthetic surgery can be performed if the patient does not have any ailments that would prevent him or her from receiving anesthesia based on his or her overall health.

It can be applied to patients with obesity disease, who can receive anesthesia, who can pursuit the follow-up recommendations after surgery, and who do not have an incurable mental illness. This application must comply with the criteria of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health. The body mass index should be below 25. Between 25-30 is the degree of obesity. As soon as the body mass index exceeds 30, obesity becomes a disease. Therefore, the person is now an obesity patient. If the body mass index is between 30-35, only Type 2 diabetes is suitable for surgery. When 35 is passed, this situation turns into a surgical disease. However, to perform with surgery, it must be a disease caused by obesity and can be corrected by surgery (infertility, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, asthma, diabetes, snoring, an abdominal circumference greater than 90 cm, joint problems, etc.). If the body mass index is 40 and above, the accompanying disease is not sought. Surgery alone is an indication. This period means morbid obesity or third degree obesity.

In cornea transplantation, donor corneal tissues are obtained from existing eye banks in our country.

The fact that the cornea is transparent and vascularized provides a very important advantage in cornea transplantation. Therefore, cornea transplantations are more successful than other organ transplants. In some cases, the patient's immune system may attack the donor cornea, causing tissue rejection. The rate of tissue rejection varies depending on the cause of the disease but is generally low and is often successfully controlled with early treatment. However, the transplanted cornea can be rejected even years later. Therefore, it is important that the patient is followed up regularly by an ophthalmologist after cornea transplantation.

In addition, some problems such as astigmatism, loosening of corneal sutures, infection, cataract, glaucoma, edema of corneal tissue can be seen after cornea transplantation. These conditions can be successfully managed with early diagnosis and treatment in frequent controls. If not successful, cornea transplantation can be performed again by taking necessary precautions.

The process of fertilization by combining spermatozoa and egg cells in a laboratory environment is called "IVF method".

While applying the microinjection technique, a single sperm cell taken from the father candidate is placed in the egg cell obtained from the mother candidate with a thin needle under a microscope and fertilization is achieved. For this reason, the chance of fertilization and pregnancy is increased with the microinjection method, especially in male-induced infertility.

Methods used to detect and avoid transmission to the embryo of serious diseases caused by genetic abnormalities and/or chromosomal abnormalities that sometimes make getting pregnant imposible, cause premature pregnancy loss or lead to the birth o a child with special needs

What is PGD? And why it is important?

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PDG) or the pre-implantation genetic test (PGT) is a genetic analysis of the embryo that is performed by studying a biopsy of its cells prior to transfer to the mother’s uterus. The information obtained means that we can:

• Avoid the transfer of embryos that, would lead to premature pregnancy loss or that would not lead to the birth of a healthy child.
• Locate and prevent serious illnesses in the embryo caused by genetic abnormalities.

Types of Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis

• Chromosomal abnormality PGT-A. An aneuploidy detection pre-implantation genetic test.
• PGT-M pre-implantation genetic test for detecting monogenic disorders.
• PGT-SR for structural abnormality diagnosis.

Like any surgical method, pain is among the most common problems after prostate cancer surgery. After laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgical methods, pain is less and it takes less time to return to routine life.

After cornea transplantation, patients are followed up for approximately 1 - 2 years on the 1st day, 1st week and 1st month and then for 3 months. It is recommended to use antibiotic drops for about 1 month and cortisone drops for about 1 year.
Patients are advised to exercise caution to avoid trauma.

Stitches after cornea transplantation can be removed up to 1-1.5 years after the transplantation, depending on the age of the patient, the condition of the cornea and starting early for the correction of astigmatism. Individually, some stitches can be removed to correct corneal irregularities and associated astigmatism. Accordingly, patients' vision increases.

Genetics, elder age of marriage and motherhood, regularity of menstruation, sexually transmitted diseases, excessive weight and insulin resistance, smoking-alcohol-overcaffeine consumption and stress can be counted as factors affecting fertility.

The comprehensive inpatient physical therapy program is applied for the patients who had paralysis due to the reasons like brain hemorrhage, brain injury or brain tumor in order to make them regain their functions an prevent the permanent paralysis. The patients on whom we apply therapy mostly are:

Stroke patients: The patients who had a stroke caused by brain hemorrhage, brain embolism or embolic stroke.

Brain Injury: The patients whose brain tissue has been damaged and who had paralysis caused by asphyxiation of brain, traumatic brain injury or brain edema

After the brain tumor operation: The patients whose brain tissue has been damaged and who had paralysis caused by brain tumor or after the brain tumor operation.

Heart controls should be started in mother’s womb. After the 3rd month, it is needed to look the ventricles of babies with ultrasonography and make a diagnosis regarding their health. ECHO should be made when they are 5, and blood sugar, blood fats and blood pressure controls should be done at least a couple of times before 20.

During breast reduction surgery, it is aimed to do the necessary reduction by protecting the nipple. It is important to preserve the appearance of the nipples. Since the incision was made after breast reduction surgery, there may be a loss of sensation, but this is often not permanent. 6 months after the surgery, the sensation will be regained completely. With some techniques to be chosen according to the patient, the connection with the mammary gland and nipple can be preserved, but the preservation of the breastfeeding function is possible to a certain extent. Breastfeeding function may not be used for very large and voluminous breasts. It is important to discuss the period and technique of the surgery in detail with the patient.

Liposuction is literally a body contouring surgery. These surgeries are not performed for the purpose of losing weight. Removing five liters of fat from a patient does not mean that the patient has lost five kilograms. Because one liter is not equal to one kilo. Liposuction is performed to eliminate regional protrusions or deformities in body lines.

Fat injection can be applied in breast augmentation for aesthetic purposes. The reasons why fat injection is preferred in the 2nd place for breast enlargement;

• Young women are in the majority in the patient group who want breast augmentation. Fat injection into their breasts can rarely lead to radiological and clinical findings that can be confused with breast cancer.
• For fat injections, which are required to be done in large volumes aesthetically, the recipient areas should also be sufficient. What is meant by this is that it may not be possible to take enough fat to enlarge both breasts significantly from a woman of normal weight.
• Lastly, since the fat injection will lose 40-50% of its volume, it will give a more uncontrolled result than the prosthesis.

Patients with thyroid cancer should be monitored regularly. In addition to examinations such as physical examination, blood tests, neck ultrasonography, nuclear screening tests and other imaging methods may be required in some cases. The frequency of the follow-ups and which tests will be performed should be determined by the physician performing the follow-up.

As men get older, the prostate gland grows. This growth is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (benign growth of the prostate) and is usually seen in the transition region surrounding the urinary tract (urethra) of the prostate. Prostate enlargement can prevent urinary flow by blocking the bladder or urethra. Men may experience frequent, painful, bloody urine or sperm problems, lumbar stiffness and pain. These symptoms may be the result of benign growth of the prostate or may occur as a sign of cancer.

Causes of cervical cancer include multiple births, early sexual intercourse, and smoking. In addition, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection is a very important risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection was observed in 98% of cervical cancer patients. There are more than a hundred types of HPV that are usually transmitted through sexual intercourse. In particular, types 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer, while types 6 and 11 cause warts in genital organs.

Like many cancers, the exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Only some factors may facilitate the occurrence of cervical cancer and accelerate the disease process. In general, the risk factors of cervical cancer are as follows;

• Polygamy
• Starting sexual intercourse before the age of 20
• Smoking.
• Poor immune system.
• Frequent occurrence of viral and bacterial infections in genital organs
• Doing a lot of deliveries
• Low socioeconomic level
• Vitamin C and vitamin A deficiency

Although tea is usually consumed hot, it causes irritation on the oesophagus and stomach mucosa if it is drunk too hot. This irritation also paves the way for cancer. Hot tea is one of the common causes of stomach cancers in the Black Sea and Eastern Black Sea region.

Different cell types in the bladder can be cancerous. It can be divided into bladder cancer types according to the bladder cell where the cancer started. The type and stage of bladder cancer are also determined by the tests used in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

• Urothelial carcinoma: Urothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common type of bladder tumour. It occurs in urothelial cells that cover the inside of the bladder. Urothelial cells are also located in other parts of the urinary tract. Therefore, all urinary tracts of patients with bladder cancer should be checked.
• Squamous cell carcinoma: A long-term infection in the bladder begins with the formation of thin, flat cells in the bladder after irritation in the bladder or after long-term catheter use. When viewed under a microscope, the cells are very similar to the flat cells found on the skin surface.
• Adenocarcinoma: About 1% of bladder cancers are adenocarcinomas. It occurs in the mucus secreting glands of the bladder. It occurs after prolonged irritation or infection in the bladder.
• Small cell carcinoma: Less than 1% of bladder cancers are small cell carcinomas. It starts in nerve-like cells called neuroendocrine cells. These cancers often grow rapidly and usually need to be treated with chemotherapy used in small cell carcinoma of the lung.
• Sarcoma: Sarcomas begin in the muscle cells of the bladder, but they are very rare.

Classification of bladder cancer tumours can also be done according to microscopic images of cancer cells.

• Low-grade bladder tumour: Also called a well-differentiated bladder tumour. The appearance and organization of cancer cells are close to normal healthy cells. Low grade bladder tumour grows more slowly.
• High grade bladder tumour: Also called poorly differentiated bladder tumour. The appearance of cancer cells and tumour is not similar to normal healthy cells. High-grade bladder tumours exhibit a more aggressive behaviour.

Bladder cancers can also be diversified by their proximity to the wall of the bladder.

There are many layers of different cells on the wall of the bladder. Most bladder cancers spread over time to the muscles of the bladder, starting from the innermost layer of the bladder in contact with urine. Following those reaching the bladder muscle layer, it is seen that they splash out of the bladder and to adjacent structures. Cancer of the bladder can metastasize to nearby lymph or other parts of the body. Bladder cancer usually spreads to distant lymph nodes, bones, lung or liver.

• Non-invasive bladder cancer: It is a cancer that does not spread to the muscle of the bladder and remains in the inner layer. It is also defined as superficial bladder cancer or early stage bladder cancer.
• Invasive bladder cancer: It means that cancer cells spread deeper than the inner layer of the bladder into the muscle layer. If left untreated, there is a risk of cancer spreading to other parts of the body. These cancers are more likely to spread and must be treated.

Bladder cancer is also diversified according to the way it grows.

• Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma: Papillary tumours begin in urothelial cells in the bladder mucosa and are enlargements extending to the inner cavity of the bladder. Sometimes, even if these cancers grow, they remain in the bladder without spreading. However, more aggressive types of this cancer can spread to the deep layers of the bladder and then to other organs.
• Flat carcinoma (Carcinoma initu): It does not grow towards the deep part or internal cavity of the bladder. It is an invasive tumour that spreads on the bladder wall in a flat tumour layer structure.

Sugar has no direct connection with breast cancer. It is enough to pay attention to be at our ideal weight to protect ourselves from breast cancer.

Chemotherapeutic agents used in lymphoma cause hair loss.

As with all types of cancer, early diagnosis has great importance in colon cancer. Fulfilling the treatment process with an early diagnosis will result in defeating colon cancer.

Types of interventional radiological applications and their effectiveness in the treatment of cancer have been increasing owing to developing technology in recent years. Major ones of these treatment include radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) ablation treatments that are defined as burning tumor with a needle inserted into the tumor under the guidance of imaging, and chemoembolization and radioembolization (Yttrium-90 ) in which high dose chemotherapeutic medications or radioactive isotope-induced medications are administered both to block the veins for the purpose of disconnecting the feeding of the tumor by reaching the tumor from blood veins via angiographic techniques and to ruin them at the same time. These methods, which can provide complete treatment for small tumors at an early stage, can be used to slow down and stop the spread of the tumor, or to reduce the tumor in the patients whom other treatments cannot be applied due to the fact that it is at an advanced stage.

• Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: UV rays are one of the main risk factors for melanoma skin cancer. It damages the DNA of skin cells; therefore, cancer begins. Sunlight is the main source of ultraviolet rays. It can be said that there is another source of UV radiation in the solarium. People who are exposed to too much UV radiation from these sources have an increased risk of development of many skin cancers, including melanoma. Main risk factors for skin cancer can be listed as follows;
• UVA Rays: It causes cell aging and can damage cell DNA. It is thought it causes long-term damage in the skin such as wrinkles and play a role in the development of some skin cancers.
• UVB Rays: It is main ray that causes sunburn and can directly damage cell DNA. It is thought it causes most of skin cancers.
• UVC Rays: It cannot pass through the atmosphere. Therefore, it is not found in sunlight. For this reason, it does not cause skin cancer.
• Solarium: Studies show that people who often go to the solarium to bronze have a greater risk of melanoma skin cancer. UV lamps used for bronzing in solarium must be "ultraviolet lamps", and there must be tags including the phrase "constant exposure to UV rays can cause skin cancer and premature aging of the skin". In addition, it is believed that additionally putting tag including the phrase "regular physician control is required for skin cancer" may be warning for users who are consistently exposed to these rays. Thus, it is aimed to reduce the tendency to use ultraviolet products (black light lamp, mercury vapor lamp, high pressure xenon and arch lamp with xenon mercury, plasma torches and arc welding, etc.) in the persons who have the risk of skin cancer and youngers/children who are under the age of 18 and the persons who have history of skin cancer in their families.
• Nevi:Nevi on our body are benign tumors that not only emerge at birth, but also in childhood and youth. Most nevi never cause problems. However, people with a large number of nevi have a greater risk of development of melanoma.
• Dysplastic Nevus: Dysplastic nevus (nevi is plural form of nevus) or peculiarly, with different name, it mostly looks like normal nevi but has some characteristics of melanoma. It is usually larger than other moles, and its shape or color is unorthodox, and most do not develop into cancer.
• Congenital (Congenital) Melanocytic Nevus: Nevi that exist at birth are called congenital melanocytic nevus. The risk of development of melanoma is estimated to be between 0 and l0% depending on the size of the nevus in such nevi that occur in the birth. People with large congenital melanocytic nevus have a greater risk of development of melanoma. For example, in case of that congenital nevus is smaller than the palm, the risk of melanoma is lower. In contrast, the risk of melanoma is significantly increased in congenital nevi with large size on the dorsal area or hips.
• Fair Skin, Freckles and Fair Hair: The risk of melanoma is 10 times higher in people with white skin, fair hair than in people with black skin. The risk of skin cancer increases in people with red and blond hair, white skin, blue or green eyes, or freckles.
• Gender: Considering prevalence and biological differences, skin cancers are divided into malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. It is the 4th most common cancer type in young adult men aged between 25-34, while it is most commonly seen in women following breast and gynecological cancers.
• Dealing with Welding and Metalwork: It has been shown that the risk of melanoma increases in the eyes.
• Phototherapy (Light Therapy): UV rays exposed due to the treatment applied in people with skin diseases such as psoriasis enhance the risk of squamous cell skin cancer.

Brain tumors are divided into two, primary (primary) and secondary. Primary brain tumors consisting of the brain's own cells can be benign (benign) or malignant (malignant). Secondary brain tumors develop when cancerous cells that occur at another point in the body spreads into the brain.

Benign brain tumors: Benign brain tumors are not caused by brain cells. Benign brain tumors that have a fairly slow reproductive rate can be easily distinguished from brain tissue. Thus, all or close to all benign tumors can be removed. The results after the operation are very good. Benign brain tumor that has been removed through surgical intervention rarely occurs again and is unlikely to spread to other parts of the body. Although it is not cancerous, a benign brain tumor can apply pressure on sensitive areas of the brain when it reaches a certain size, causing serious health problems. A benign brain tumor may have a risk of transforming into a cancerous brain tumor over time.

Malignant brain tumors:Malignant brain tumors that occur with cancerous cells grow faster than benign tumors and can damage the brain tissue located nearby. For this reason, it is very difficult to completely remove via surgery. This is because tumor tissue is tissue that carry out brain functions in malignant brain tumors, and every tissue that is surgically removed means a loss of function. In malignant brain tumors, there may be re-growth of the tumor after surgery. At the same time, metastatic tumors that spread into the brain tissue from a different part of our body are also considered malignant tumors.

Kidney cancers constitute about 2,5 percent of all cancers. Kidney cancer is twice as common in men than in women. The risk of kidney cancer increases with increasing age. As a matter of fact, most cases of kidney cancer occur in people over the age of 50. Although exact cause of kidney cancer is not known, the factors listed below may increase the risk of development of kidney cancer.

Smoking: People who smoke have the risk of development of kidney cancer twice as much compared to those who fo not smoke. It is assumed that about one-third of all types of kidney cancer is associated with smoking.

Obesity: Obesity can cause changes in certain hormones that can lead to kidney cancer.

Hypertension: High blood pressure can increase the risk of kidney cancer.

Renal failure:People with kidney failure have a higher risk of development of kidney cancer.

History of cancer in the family: People whose parent, brother or sister (first-degree relative) has kidney cancer are at high risk.

Hereditary conditions:About 2-3 percent of kidney cancers develop in people who have certain hereditary syndromes including Von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papillary RCC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and Lynch syndrome.

Radiation exposure:The risk of developing kidney cancer may increase in people who have previously undergone radiation therapy for the purpose of the treatment or have been exposed to long-term radiation for other reasons.

Exposure to toxic substances in the workplace:The risk of development of kidney cancer may be high after regular exposure to chemicals such as some metal degreasers, arsenic or cadmium that are used in mining, farming, welding, and painting.

Lung cancer can recur. After chemotherapy and surgical treatments, there is a possibility of recurrence, especially in the first 2 years, depending on the character of the disease or the stage of the tumor. While this probability is lower in early stage lung cancers, the probability is slightly higher in advanced lung cancers. Regular post-treatment follow ups are vital in case of recurrence of lung cancer. Recurrence of lung cancer after treatment can be intervened at an early stage and the disease can be maintained under control thanks to regular follow-ups.

Lung cancer can recur in different ways. In patients who have had lung cancer surgery, there is usually a possibility of recurrence in another part of the body such as the brain, liver, bone, contralateral lung or intrathoracic lymph nodes. There is a possibility of recurrence mostly in the areas where the tumor is located in patients who do not have surgery.

They should not spend a long time with the phone, computer or tablet. Incorrect stance and postures should be avoided. Heavy loads should not be lifted, weight should not be carried by one side. Combat sports are generally not recommended. Heavy sports and exercise are prohibited. The backpack should not be hung on one shoulder.

After going out from the skull, spinal cord advances in spinal columns until the tail end in waist. Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours may emerge anywhere on this axis. They may be seen in neck spine or neck spinal cord, vertebral bones surrounding the rib cage and the spinal cord nerves in this region until the tail end in waist. Most of the tumours on spine are emerged as a result of metastasis. Some of the vertebral tumours may be seen in a specific area. Some types of the intra spinal cord tumours which are seen in adults are seen in neck area, they may be seen in the spinal cord of chest and waist area in children.

Kyphosis may be caused by osteoporosis, various traumas like accident or blow, inability of the tissues to perform their functions with the external excitations, inflammations in the vertebral bones, tuberculous, poor posture, malnutrition and vitamin deficiency in adults.

The symptoms of lumbar vertebrae displacement and lumbar disc herniation are similar to each other. In lumbar disc herniation, the disc between the vertebrae herniates outward between the vertebrae. A lumbar vertebrae displacement occurs when one of the vertebrae is displaced forward, most of the time above the other, and sometimes backwards. In some patients, a lumbar vertebrae displacement and a lumbar disc herniation can be observed simultaneously.

What should I do to protect myself from a lumbar disc herniation?' question can be answered as follows. Lifting objects on the ground by bending down without bending the knees, pushing and pulling heavy objects without bending the knees, lifting loads on the shoulders and reaching upwards, working from a desk for long periods of time without lumbar support, carrying heavy loads by hand for long distances are inviting conditions for lumbar disc herniation. It is especially important to keep your back straight and aligned when sitting for long periods of time, to lift heavy objects properly, meaning, when lifting something heavy, it is important to take the strength not from the back, but from the legs. In the same way, regularly exercising is extremely helpful in preventing lumbar disc herniation, because by exercising, the body muscles are strengthened and thus the spine is supported. A lumbar disc herniation can still develop despite all these measures. In this case, attention should be paid to the recommendations of a neurosurgeon to be consulted.

Stem cell donation does not harm the donor's health in any manner. The donor is given a certain drug for 5 days so that stem cells enters in blood circulation. As soon as the number of stem cells in the blood reaches the desired level, blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm.

There are many patients with cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease, but not all of them are eligible for liver transplant. A patient can get rid of the complications after surgery, can take medications which prevent infection without any danger, can come to the controls routinely, comply with the laboratory tests and should not engage in activities which may harm liver. Persons with the following situations are not eligible for liver transplant:

• People who use alcohol or substances
• People with advanced level lung and cardiac diseases
• HIV patients
• Persons with massive liver failure
• When there is an extreme brain oedema
• Violent, uncontrollable psychiatric patients
• Cancer which spread outside the liver
• Acute pulmonary hypertension (with more than 50 mmHg average pulmonary artery pressure)
• Systemic or uncontrollable infection
• A serious medical disease which restricts short term life expectancy

• People below the age of 18
• People with high blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and the persons who take hypertension medications
• Diabetes patients
• Persons with morbid obesity
• Double sided or repetitive nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
• Persons with the history of thrombosis or thromboembolism
• Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Pulmonary emboli or repetitive thrombosis history
• People with psychiatric diseases
• People with serious medical diseases (chronic lung disease, a recently diagnosed cancer disease etc.)
• Low GFR (< 80 ml/min)
• Proteinuria (>300 mg/24 hours)
• HIV infection

• Sapphire Fue
• DHI
• Unshaven Hair Transplant
• Hair Transplantation in Women
• Eyebrow Transplantation
• Beard Transplantation

The Sapphire Fue method involves taking hair follicles one by one with personal microsurgical instruments from the donor area at the back of the head, which is coded not to lose and transplanting them to the area to be transplanted by opening a channel with sapphire silit according to the person's hair angle and direction.

The hair follicles from the donor area are directly inserted into the planting area without opening the canal with Choi pens in the DHI method.

Unshaven hair transplant is used for people whose number of grafts in the area to be transplanted is 2000 grafts or less. It is a procedure in which the hair follicles are transplanted for the purpose of tightening without opening a window in the donor area and shaving in the transplanted area.

In women, hair transplantation can be performed using the Sapphire Fue and Dhi methods depending on the type of hair loss and bald spot.

Eyebrow transplantation is a procedure for restoring the appearance of the brows events following such as permanent hair loss, a genetically thin eyebrow structure, or a burn or accident. Again, the hair follicles are taken one by one with surgical instruments from the donor area at the back of the head and transplanted according to the angle of emergence and the direction of the eyebrow, resulting in a natural look.

Beard transplantation

uses microsurgical instruments to remove hair follicles from the donor area and transplant them individually to correct problems such as sparse beard and moustache structure or permanent scars after an accident, burn or wound.

For Bariatric Surgery, there must be a surgical and medical infrastructure that will meet all the requirements every time. At Memorial Health Group, this infrastructure can be accessed in maximum comfort and at all wage levels, as approved by international rating agencies. All of the surgeons in these canters and the doctors of bariatric diseases they work with have expertise in their fields and have been carefully selected. Only permanent and well-established institutions can follow patients for a minimum of 2 years after surgery. The Memorial can follow the patients in its centers spread all over the country.

It is a surgical procedure in which a large tissue is removed. Therefore, the body may react to it. If a very large tissue is removed, some pain may be felt at the incision sites, but this can be relieved with painkillers. As a result, since the muscles are not touched, it does not cause severe pain.

It is a surgical procedure in which a large tissue is removed. Therefore, the body may react to it. If a very large tissue is removed, some pain may be felt at the incision sites, but this can be relieved with painkillers. As a result, since the muscles are not touched, it does not cause severe pain.

Piezo rhinoplasty is frequently misunderstood as a surgical procedure, but it is not. "Piezo rhinoplasty" refers to surgeries that use an ultrasonic bone cutter, also known as a piezo device. It should not be presented as a magic touch in nose surgery. The ultrasonic bone cutter has the advantage of not damaging soft tissues while cutting. However, since you insert a large device into the nose, all of the skin and tissues must be removed. This may cause more edema. It is a method that does not result in an ideal nose shape but is used when it is necessary.

The patients who need physical therapy and rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation and robotic physical therapy should be hospitalized in the preliminary period and receive comprehensive treatment.

Initially, the immediate relatives of the patients are contacted and a 1-minute video, the latest epicrisis, up-to-date imaging reports and blood tests results are requested if available.

All the documentation process regarding the patients abroad or from another city is executed via internet and voice call via cellphones.

During the meeting with our specialist doctor, the relatives of the patients are informed about the average duration of hospitalization, the remarks about the expectations regarding the healing of the patient and rehabilitation process.

For the processes regarding the requests on inpatient treatment, the communication can be established via WhatsApp on the number +44 203 988 35 44 and the Call Centre Line 444 78 88 of Memorial Health Group.

You will stay at the Physical Therapy Inpatient Story prepared specially for our patients at Memorial Şişli Hospital, under the surveillance of the doctors and nurses as 24/7. You can stay in the modern and comfortable rooms designed by the Memorial Hospital safely with your hospital attendance.

The patients are evaluated initially by all the branches, especially Neurology, Brain Surgery, Physical Therapy, Internal Diseases and Psychiatry in inpatient therapy. In the council gathered after the evaluations, the current situation, healing potential, the potential treatments and rehabilitation capacity of the patient are determined.

During the comprehensive inpatient therapy, the specialist doctor support may be received in every needed branch. The patient exercises with a multidisciplinary team including physiotherapist, ergotherapist (occupational therapist) robotic therapy technician, rehabilitation nurse, physical therapy technician, speech-swallowing therapist, respiratory therapist, psychologist, dietitian and orthosis-prosthesis technician.

The comprehensive physical therapy duration of stroke rehabilitation is 8 weeks in average. This duration may be longer or shorter according to the situation of the patients.

Face to face 3-7 hours of daily rehabilitation

24 hours doctor surveillance

Special therapy program for the patient

No, a girl is born with a certain reserve of eggs in the womb after 4 months of pregnancy. Some of this reserve is lost until adolescence, then every month from puberty, the ovaries select the eggs that will grow in the next period within the week before the menstruation begins and set off. Only 1 or 2 of them develop and crack and prepare the appropriate ground for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the same cycle begins again in the next period. The eggs obtained in IVF treatment are the eggs prepared for that month, new eggs will develop from the egg reserve again in the next month.

In inpatient physical therapy, the patients take 2 sessions of physiotherapy, 1 session of electrotherapy, 1 session of ergotherapy, 1 session of walking robot and 1 session of hand and arm robot regularly. These sessions vary between 30 minutes and 1 hour according to the applied therapy.

If it is needed, the speech-swallowing therapy, and respiratory therapy are included into the treatment program of the patient. The amount or duration of the existing session may increase if it is decided they will not be a harmful burden of the patient.

All the methods of rehabilitation like physiotherapy, electrotherapy, ergotherapy, speech-swallowing therapy, robotic physical therapy and respiratory therapy are included in the package. Besides, the regular internal diseases specialist control, blood tests, physical therapy physician examination, medication applications and nursery service, the accommodation and nutrition service for the patients and their companions, consultations, specific examinations (x-ray, MRI, tomography etc.) are included in the package.

To sum up, all the comprehensive examinations and treatments of the patients with the diseases like stroke, brain injury, and spinal cord injury are included in the package. For the treatments which are not specific, e.g. dental treatment, additional fares apply.

Yes, 1 companion can stay with the patient. During the treatment of stroke, the companions are an important part of the treatment team. So a collaborative companion contributes positively within this treatment process.

In case of inpatient physical therapy, the therapy is twice busier than ambulatory treatment. Especially the paralysis patients in the developmental stage improve themselves with these intense and repetitive treatments.

In case of inpatient physical therapy, the patients are under 24/7 doctor surveillance. Some routine blood tests are requested from the patient and the general condition is followed-up. Besides the specialist of physical therapy and rehabilitation, an internal disease specialist also visits the patients daily and evaluates their general condition.

The medications of the patient are controlled and regulated by neurology and brain surgery teams.

If needed, the consultation service is received from all the branches of Memorial Hospital and the patient is recovered in every aspect.

Our specialist doctors encourage you to go home and socialize with you family at the weekends if they ensure your medical situation in case of falling risks etc.

Most patients experience a significant improvement in vision after cornea transplantation. Improved vision can be seen in a few weeks to a few months. During this period or after the stitches are removed, the patient can be given glasses and contact lenses to improve vision.

No, women are born with a certain reserve of eggs. In women with IVF treatment, the egg in the ovaries are developed and removed that month. The woman will go through menopause at the genetically determined time with or without IVF treatment.

The inpatient physical therapy duration of stroke and brain injury rehabilitation is 8 weeks in average. This duration may be longer or shorter according to the situation of the patients, the loss of function, the severity of the injury in the brain and the medical response we receive.

The general condition, and treatment program of the patient is evaluated with the team meetings which are held on the beginning of every week. In these meetings, the weekly developments and the improvements from the beginning of the therapy are evaluated and the healing potential is discussed. As a result of these evaluations, the decision of your discharge is specified.

Between the ages of 20 and 30 is the period when the life is so fast. University, leaving the family, marriage, having a kid and smoking exhausts the heart. When we were born, our heart is 0 years old. When we are 20, it is frequently more than 20. The important thing is handling the heart age and the normal age in a balance.

If the person's request is for a very large breast, it may be necessary to perform the procedure by releasing the nipple. In this case, there is no breastfeeding function again. Apart from the risks such as minor bleeding and bruising, it is generally a safe operation.

Human skin consists of two layers. There is a thin layer called the epidermis on the top and a thick layer called the dermis below it. Cracks in the skin appear due to rapid weight gain, drug use, or structurally. Cracks occur when the thin skin layer on the top remains intact, while the thick elastic layer on the bottom is torn and a cracked appearance is formed from the outside. With liposuction, the crack formed in that area cannot be treated by removing fat from the bottom. In other words, the cracks that existed before the fat removal process will continue to remain after the process.

There are many types of prostheses in different brands. The most commonly used prostheses are divided according to their shapes (Round and drop-anatomical) and surface properties. Fill ratio of the silicone gel. Height (Projection) of the prosthesis

After this distinction is made, the prosthesis is separated according to the size of the base of the prosthesis corresponding to the chest wall and the height it provides.

As with all cancers, a healthy diet and a lively lifestyle should be adopted by individuals. However, necessary measures should be taken to protect the neck area from radiation exposure.

As with other cancers, early diagnosis in prostate cancer can reduce the rate of loss of life. Another benefit of early diagnosis is that the side effects related to prostate cancer treatment remain minimal. Blood testing, digital-rectal examination and/or transrectal (anterior) ultrasound methods are used to measure the protein level known as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) to diagnose prostate cancer early. However, screening in prostate cancer is a complex and controversial issue and sufficient evidence has not yet been found that it reduces the life risk factor. Moreover, all screening tests carry some risks. It is important to discuss the uncertainties and possible harms related to their benefits with a specialist doctor before prostate cancer screening tests. After the potential benefits, uncertainties and risks of screening tests are discussed together, they should be performed according to the personal preference of the patient or not.

HPV transmitted through sexual intercourse may cause cervical cancer. To protect against HPV, girls and women from the age of 12 are recommended to receive a cervical cancer vaccine. Although there are two types of HPV vaccines in our country, three HPV vaccines in the USA have received FDA approval. Some of the cervical cancer vaccines are suitable for women only and are protective against HPV types 16 and 18. Some types of vaccines are suitable for both men and women and are divided into 4s and 9s. 4-point vaccine types are protective against HPV types that cause genital warts such as 6, 11 and HPV types that may cause cervical cancer such as 16, 18. The type 9, which is not yet used in our country, provides protection against more HPV types that may cause cervical cancer.

Women and men who receive cervical cancer vaccines are almost 100% immune to the types of HPV that vaccines contain. Persons who have been vaccinated with 2 vaccines do not need to be vaccinated with 4 vaccines. Since the 4-point vaccine also provides protection against genital warts, it is recommended to be preferred. Vaccines have lifelong protection against the relevant HPV types, no repetition is required. It is much more beneficial to have a 4 or 9 vaccination, which is effective both against cervical cancer and against genital warts.

Getting a cervical cancer vaccine without ever encountering HPV can prevent most cases of cervical cancer. In addition to cervical cancer, it is also protective in vaginal and vulva cancers. Type 4 and 9 vaccines can prevent genital warts and anal cancers in women and men. Since some HPV types are also associated with cancers developing in the mouth and throat, they also provide protection against these cancers. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine HPV vaccination for girls and boys aged 11-12 years. The ideal vaccination time for cervical cancer vaccine is before sexual experience begins, that is, before contact with HPV virus. When HPV is transmitted, the vaccine may not be as effective as getting it at the recommended time. In October 2016, the CDC recommended that all adolescents and adolescents aged 9-14 receive two doses of HPV vaccine at least six months apart, rather than the three recommended dose schedules. It is recommended that young people and young adults between the ages of 15-26 receive three doses of vaccine.

In addition, cervical cancer vaccine should be given to men up to 45 years of age against HPV virus. Because HPV also causes some types of cancer in men and causes HPV transmission with carriage.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the causes of Stomach cancer as well as causing gastritis and ulcers. In cases of gastritis and ulcers, these bacteria must be eliminated. In addition, smoking and drinking alcohol should be avoided in order to prevent stomach cancer. The rate of zinc and lead in the water you drink is an important factor that causes stomach cancer. In addition, environmental factors such as talc and asbestosis in the air you breathe are also risk factors.

In order to determine the stage of bladder cancer, 3 criteria are considered.

• The depth of the cancerous tumour in the bladder wall and the degree of the tumour
• Whether the bladder tumour has spread to the regional lymph nodes
• It is examined whether bladder cancer metastasizes to other organs such as the lung or liver.

The information obtained from pathology and examinations is used to find out which parts of the bladder are cancerous, whether the cancer has spread from where it first started and where the cancer has spread. Bladder cancer staging is performed according to the international TNM system.

In the process of breast cancer treatment, instead of avoiding crowded environments, it is necessary to be in environments that are more likely to socialize and find morale. There is no such thing as getting infected from crowded environments during the treatment process.

In many types of cancer, there is a situation where the disease spreads and splashes to different organs. Usually, colon cancer metastasizes to the liver. But metastasis to the lungs is one of more common conditions for rectal cancer in society.

Radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) refers that a tumor in the liver is reached through artery and high dose radiation which cannot be administered externally is given by injecting Yttrium-90 radioisotope loaded with microspheres, and that thus, live of tumor is eliminated. Yttrium-90 treatment is carried out in two stages. In primary care, patient's liver arteries is determined in detail; if there are veins connected with stomach and gastrointestinal system, they are blocked. Then, a test medication imitating actual Y90 radioactive medication is injected into the liver, thus preparatory angiography in which main treatment is tested is finished. The patient does not need to be hospitalized for preparatory angiography. If it is understood that the structure of the liver veins are suitable for this treatment at the end of the procedure, treatment dose suitable for the patient is calculated by physician of Nuclear Medicine and main treatment day is determined. Usually, about 7-10 days after preparatory angiography, in the second-stage procedure, the treatment is administered into the liver again by angiographic route.

The risk is higher in people whom melanoma skin cancer is noted in one or more first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, or children). About 10% of people with melanoma have same disease in their family.

The reason for the increase of the risk may include frequently sun exposure as a result of a similarity in the way of life in the family, majority of family members with sensitive far skin, or both of these two factors. In addition, gene mutation as a result of a change in genes in the family can be a factor in the risk of melanoma. About 10-40% of people with a high percentage of melanoma in their family have gene mutation.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP): It is an inherited condition that occurs in the enzymes normally responsible for repairing DNA as a result of damage, and it is rare. Because people with XP have less ability to repair DNA damage caused by the sun, many skin cancers, including melanoma, can develop on sun-exposed areas of their skin. Development of skin cancer can be observed in these patients even in the children's age group.

Unusual wounds, welling, spots, scratches, or change in the appearance of this area of the skin may be sign of melanoma or another type of skin cancer, or a warning that cancer may occur. Routine skin examination of these patients should be carried out at regular intervals in equipped centers.

Normal Nevi: It usually has the form of brown, skin color or black spots on the skin. They may be flat or high and fluffy, round or oval, and is usually less than 6 mm. Nevi can emerge at birth or in childhood and youth. New nevi that appear on the body during adulthood, especially after the age of 40, should be checked by a physician for possible skin cancer.

When a nevus develops on the body, it will remain in the same size, shape, and color for many years. Some nevi, on the other hand, will disappear by themselves over time. Many people have nevus, and most of these nevi are harmless. However, when shape, size, or color of the nevus change, it is important to notice this change in terms of possible development of skin cancer .

After brain tumor surgery, there may be loss of function both before and after surgery due to the location of brain tumors. After brain tumor surgery, it is recommended to undergo physical therapy and rehabilitation programs. It is also very important for the patients with brain tumors to receive psychological support both before and after brain tumor surgery. After brain tumor surgery, the perspective and care of the disease is as important as the surgery.

Staging is an important part of the process of determining how extensive the cancer is and diagnosing it. Because the most appropriate treatment options are determined depending on the stage of the cancer. The stages of kidney cancer range from Stage I (the least severe stage) to Stage IV. When it is confirmed that the patients have kidney cancer, the physician will discuss the staging.

Stage I (Least severe stage)
The tumor is 7 cm or smaller and has located only in the kidney. It has not spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs.

Stage II
The tumor is larger than 7 cm and has located only in the kidney. It has not spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs.

Stage III
In stage III, the tumor extends to peripheral tissues as well as kidney and may also have spread to regional lymph nodes.

Stage IV
The tumor has spread to areas outside of Gerota fascia that is connective tissue layer compressing the kidneys and adrenal glands and has extended to the adrenal gland. Cancer has also spread to numerous lymph nodes or distant areas of the body, such as bones, liver, or lungs.

The most important method that has proven useful in the lung cancer screening program is annual low-dose tomography. Lung cancer screening with low-dose tomography has been shown to be a more effective method than mammography in breast cancer.

Idiopathic scoliosis is so named because its cause is unknown. The lateral bending of the spine can be in a C or S shape. It is the most common type of scoliosis. Muscle or nerve diseases may be among the causes of neuromuscular scoliosis. It can be seen in pediatric patients with traumatic spinal cord injury and paralysis. Congenital scoliosis is a type of scoliosis due to spinal anomalies that occur during the development of the baby in the mother's womb and is progressive.

Operations of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours are performed with open surgery and microsurgical method. Endoscopic method is not preferred in Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour operations. Because two-dimensional view is obtained and only a quite small area is intervened in endoscopic operations, open surgery gives more successful results.

Biopsy is done initially by taking a piece with needle aspiration method if the Vertebral or Spinal Cord Tumour is in a reachable area. In this way, information about the entire tumour can be obtained.

Strength of the spine is controlled. It is assessed whether and pressure on the spine is apparent. To ensure spine health, the method of screwing is used if needed.

The biggest problem of patients in vertebral tumour metastasis is pain. Sometimes executing a surgical operation on the tumour may not be possible. In such situations, surgical methods to cease the pain of patients can be applied.

In the tumours originated from the spine itself, the tumour is taken out with open surgery and microsurgical method. The potential risks should be minimized by using the latest possible technology in such operations. The neuro monitoring device which is used in such operations warns the surgeon about the risky areas during the surgical intervention.

The treatment is shaped by sending the tissues which are taken during the operation to pathology.

Kyphosis may also develop as genetically as it has been seen on the cases.

Lumbar vertebrae displacement can be treated with resting, the use of corsets and physiotherapy. With these treatments, the pain may disappear even if the lumbar vertebrae displacement does not improve for sure. Lumbar vertebrae displacement can be corrected with surgery, or it can be detected with implants after nerve compression is corrected. The pain associated with this fixed segment is eliminated.

Lumbar vertebrae displacement can be treated with resting, the use of corsets and physiotherapy. With these treatments, the pain may disappear even if the lumbar vertebrae displacement does not improve for sure. Lumbar vertebrae displacement can be corrected with surgery, or it can be detected with implants after nerve compression is corrected. The pain associated with this fixed segment is eliminated.

A very small part of lower back pain is caused by lumbar disc herniations that need to be operated on. If the pain and numbness in the legs and muscle weakness do not go away despite these measures, the solution is surgery.

Stem cell donor is relative of the recipient, and age range is not considered. However, people who want to donate stem cells to a tissue bank should be between 18-55 years.

According to the figures, children form 10 per cent of liver transplants. Taking place on the top among the countries which have the most frequent liver transplantations in proportion to population, Turkey shares her rank with Britain. Liver plantation in children is a delicate process and a fair monitoring after operation is vital. While many diseases affect liver, not all liver diseases necessitate transplant. The diseases which harm liver in children and may necessitate transplantation are consisted of:

• Chronic end stage liver failure
• Biliary atresia
• Autoimmune Hepatitis / Sclerosant Hepatitis / Overlap syndrome
• Genetic/metabolic diseases of liver cause chronic liver damage/failure
• Alpha-1-antitripsin deficiency
• Cholestatic syndromes in family like PFIC1 2 or 3
• Allagille syndrome
• Tyrosinemia
• Metabolic liver diseases cause damage in other organs like brain or kidneys.
• Urea cycle disorders
• MSUD
• Hyperoxaluria
• Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
• Glycogen storage diseases
• Acute Liver Failure
• Viral hepatitis
• Hepatic Drug Toxicity (acetaminophen, NSAID’s etc)
• Genetic/Metabolic disorders: Wilsons disease, fatty acid oxidation disorders, some mitochondrial disorders
• Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Neonatal Hemochromatosis
• Primary resected liver tumours (which cannot be operated)
• Hepatoblastoma
• Embryonal sarcoma
• Hemangioendothelioma
• Hepatocellular carcinoma

You start to feel better two weeks after the kidney transplant, but you should take anti-rejection drugs regularly.

Yes, naturalness is our top priority in operation. We aim to reach a level of naturalness that will be unnoticeable during the procedure.

The preparation period of bariatric surgery is a period spent choosing the right surgical method according to the patient, disease, and personality. Choosing the right surgery is a decision that must be made jointly by a group of experts. Implementing the given decision in the best way is possible thanks to the trained surgeons. These surgeons must know how to use the right devices and the right technology, such as robots. Correct follow-up of the patient for at least 2 years after surgery crowns this preparation and operation period. In addition to these conditions, it is extremely unlikely that the patient will regain the lost weight thanks to the correct compliance with the follow-ups.

Breast lift is a partially painful procedure. Therefore, the body reacts to it. If a very large tissue is removed, some pain may be felt at the incision sites, but this can be relieved with painkillers.

Breast lift is a partially painful procedure. Therefore, the body reacts to it. If a very large tissue is removed, some pain may be felt at the incision sites, but this can be relieved with painkillers.

Rhinoplasty surgeries are operations that do not accept mistakes. Every mistake made is self-evident. In general, due to edema, these errors may not be recognized in the first postoperative period, but they occur after a while. Secondary rhinoplasty surgery accounts for more than one-third of all rhinoplasty procedures. Secondary operations are becoming more common as rhinoplasty procedures become more common. Secondary nose surgeries are more difficult than primary nose surgeries. There are two reasons for this. Both the anatomy of the nose has changed and resources such as cartilage, which are important to provide the nose the necessary shape during the surgery, may not be sufficient. Tertiary, that is, third operations can be even more challenging. These procedures must be carried out by specialists with the required surgical knowledge and expertise in this sector.

Our ambulatory patients can make an appointment from us via the WhatsApp line +44 203 988 35 44 or via the Call Centre line 444 78 88 of the Memorial Health Group and www.memorialhospitalsgroup.com

No, not all eggs have the same rate of development when medications for egg development are started. In addition, fertilization and division developments do not go the same way after the egg collection and microinjection. In fact, some may not develop or may stop at any stage of development. Studies conducted so far have shown that the most important factor under these developmental differences of embryos may be related to genetic structure of egg-sperm and naturally the embryo.

Any woman with an egg can have IVF treatment. After the age of 40, pregnancy, continuation of pregnancy and taking a baby home rates decrease. After the age of 45, even if there is egg available, pregnancy rates are around 1%-5%. As the age increases, the chance of pregnancy decreases. In our experience so far, we have achieved pregnancy and healthy births with their own eggs in our 45 and 46-year-old patients.

Heart is an organ which works 24 hours a day without a break and needs more oxygen than a normal muscle. If a vein is blocked and enough oxygen does not reach to the heart, heart attack occurs. Heat attack may start with pains while walking and then it may reveal itself while resting. The patient without a pain is unlucky.

The reasons for the patient's request for reduction are examined. If the patient has health problems such as diabetes in advanced ages, reduction surgery is not recommended. Because after a certain age and in the presence of chronic diseases, wound healing is impaired. It is not recommended after the age of 70 if it does not negatively affect the patient's life. The lower age limit, on the other hand, is accepted as 18 unless there is a medical necessity depending on the reasons for the need for reduction.

Liposuction is definitely not a cellulite treatment. After this procedure, the appearance of cellulite will not decrease. Because the orange peel appearance, especially on the legs, is formed by a different mechanism other than fat accumulation. If the skin quality of the patient is not sufficient, the appearance of cellulite continues after the operation.

Breast prostheses, in other words, each of the silicones are put into use after passing dozens of tests on durability and effect on the body. Breast prostheses (silicone) do not cause any harm in the body. ACL, a very rare disease related to the capsule formed by the prosthesis, has been mentioned in recent years. However, this disease, which is caused by the silicones used in breast augmentation surgeries, can be detected by a doctor's examination, as it is accompanied by pain and fluid in the breast. If the disease is detected, removal of the prosthesis and the surrounding capsule is usually sufficient in early cases.

Apart from the risks such as minor bleeding and bruising, it is generally a safe operation.

In thyroid cancer patients, if radioactive iodine treatment is planned after surgery, dieting with iodine-poor diet is recommended. However, unless otherwise stated by the physician in subsequent follow-ups, there is no special diet recommendation other than healthy eating that is valid for everyone.

Prostate cancer is divided into stages according to its spreading status. The most important criteria in staging are whether the prostate tumour spreads to the surrounding tissues such as the bladder or rectum, and whether it affects the lymph nodes and bones. The gleason score and PSA level, which indicate the degree of tumour, are also important to determine the stages of prostate cancer.

1. Stage
In the first stage, the tumour is only in the prostate. Sometimes it may be too small to be felt on rectal examination. The Gleason score is 6 or lower. PSA level is below 10.
2. Stage
In the second stage, the tumour is in the prostate. However, the structure of the tumour has become aggressive. Finger examination may be noticeable or the degree of tumour may be high.
3. Stage
In the third stage, prostate cancer has spread out of the prostate. It is usually spread to the seminal sac. However, it did not spread to the bones and lymph nodes.
4. Stage
At this stage, prostate cancer has spread to the bladder, rectum or surrounding tissues (other than seminal sac). In addition, spread to the surrounding lymph nodes and bones may occur.

There are different types of cervical cancer. Many types of cervical cancer can be encountered, such as adenocarcinoma and invasive cancers such as flat epithelial cell carcinoma. Among cervical cancers, adenocarcinoma, which is more difficult to detect and more rare, is a relatively aggressive type of cancer. Instead of forming on the outer surface of the cervix, adenocarcinomas usually occur on the inner surface of the cervix. Smear tests use cell samples on the outer surface. Therefore, when adenocarcinoma is diagnosed, the cancer usually progresses to the advanced stage. More adenocarcinomas occur with the types of HPV such as 16, 18, 45 and 31, which cause cancer.

A dead tissue appears in the stomach outlets of people with Stomach cancer. Where there is this dead tissue, the bacteria that start to feed are derived from it. This causes an extremely bad smell. However, if stomach cancer is advanced enough to cause bad breath, it must have given other findings beforehand. Therefore, the person with bad breath should not worry if he thinks that the cause of this smell is stomach cancer.

Bladder cancer most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, liver or bones.

Using laser hair removal, permanent makeup, perfume, deodorant does not cause breast cancer.

In colon cancer, in which diarrhea and constipation occur as symptoms, frequently need for going the toilet and severe abdominal pain negatively affect the quality of life. These symptoms, which will cause a breakdown of self-confidence, can bring with psychologically challenging period. Psychological support can be provided at this stage when depression and anxiety disorders may occur.

The group of patients suitable for treatment consists of patients whose current tumor disease is limited to the liver and who do not have important tumoral focus outside the liver. Apart from this, the patient's suitability for treatment is also evaluated in preparatory angiography performed.

Prevention may be possible by reducing the risk factors that cause skin cancer and UV exposure. So, what kind of measures are possible to protect yourself from the sun?

• If you are not sunbathing, wear something and wide-brimmed hat and protect your skin as much as possible. You can protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses that blocks UV rays by at least 99%.
• Sit in the shade. Do not sunbathe between 10:00 am and 04:00 pm when the solar rays are the harshest. Limit your time of direct sun exposure to the periods specified by the experts.
• Avoid bronzing in the solarium. It can contribute to the formation of skin cancer and cause long-term damage in your skin.
• Pay attention to the expiration date of cosmetic products.
• Use broad-spectrum sun cream that has sun protection factor of at least 30. Be sure that you applied you sun cream every 2 hours, after swimming and sweating.

The Food and Drug Administration of America (FDA) has put into effect the production of sun creams that protect not only from sunburn, but also from UVA rays that provoke skin cancer and premature aging. In addition, it is necessary to specify the degree of protection factor on the labels of the moisturizers, lip balms and make-up materials used as well as the sun creams.

Brain tumor operations reveal very different signs and symptoms depending on the pathology (type) of the tumor and its location and require follow-up. During active treatment and additional treatment, if necessary, the patient should focus on his/her treatment, by moving away from his/her routine daily life, especially away from difficult part of his/her working life. Because of the risk of seizure, seizure medications and medications recommended by your physician additionally should be taken strictly. In general, a calmer and more peaceful period should be preferred instead of an active life.

The surgeon places a catheter into the area and passes a synthetic material into the blood vessel. This material blocks the blood supply going to the kidney, which deprives the tumor of oxygen and nutrients and causes it to contract.

Some of the lung nodules may be early-stage lung cancer. However, investigations revealed that 95-98% of lung nodules, that is, the vast majority, are not cancer. Lung nodules should be evaluated according to their appearance, size, location, changes in the lung, and smoking history. Memorial Health Group has Memorial Lung Nodule Center, which is formed by specialist doctors to evaluate lung nodules. Every patient with a lung nodule is evaluated and the necessary strategy is planned in the light of scientific guidelines.

Pain is one of the common symptoms of scoliosis, as the curvature in the spine puts pressure on certain areas.

Spinal Cord Tumour operations are approximately 4-5 hours long. In some cases the spine is taken and strengthened again. The duration may even be 12-15 hours according to the location, size and type of tumour. Besides, the brain surgeon may be accompanied by heart surgeon, general surgeon or urologists depending on the location and size of tumour.

Spinal Cord Tumour operations are approximately 4-5 hours long. In some cases the spine is taken and strengthened again. The duration may even be 12-15 hours according to the location, size and type of tumour. Besides, the brain surgeon may be accompanied by heart surgeon, general surgeon or urologists depending on the location and size of tumour.

While the vertebral bones are aligned in order in a normal spine when looked from back, lateral curvatures in the vertebral bones are observed in scoliosis. On the other hand, kyphosis is the formation of postural roundback by the anterior curvature of the spine and increase of the aperture in the back.

Surgery is not the only treatment for lumbar vertebrae displacement. First of all, palliative methods such as rest, corset use and physiotherapy are tried and injection methods can be used in patients who do not see any benefits. Despite all these methods, surgery can be performed in patients whose complaints do not go away and in cases of decrease in quality of life.

One suggestion that has become a taboo on the topic of rest are firm matresses, although it is not true. What is meant by a suitable mattress is the use of orthopedic mattresses that are not deformed by lying on them and that can take the shape of the body. It is not necessary to look for a particularly firm mattress for the purpose of rest. The position where the patient is comfortable is the best sleeping position, bending the knees and placing a pillow between them also reduces the pain.

Stem cell treatment is used in a different way in the field of Orthopedics. It can be applied to the joints such as shoulder, hip, knee that have been subjected to cartilage injury in the patients who have cartilage damage and have painful joints but are in early stage for surgical treatment or do not want to have surgery. But stem cell therapy is not used as a treatment option for nearly total loss of joint cartilage capacity.

For a liver transplant, the blood groups of patient and donor must be compatible. Then the donor candidate is examined. This process consists of social, psychological and medical assessments. Medical assessment may be grouped as blood and urine tests, investigation of contagious diseases, radiological examinations and receiving opinions from other medical branches (like cardiology, pulmonology, etc.). Many factors like amount of the liver which patient needs, general health condition of donor, the issue of whether the liver can be divided suitably, and structure of biliary tracts play an important role in the execution of the surgical operation between patient and donor candidate.

Protective medications weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections in regular and various organisms. The infections may be serious; they may harm the planted kidney or form a fatal risk. Treatment of cancer is harder and risk of diabetes is higher on patients who use anti-rejection drugs, this may necessitate insulin injection or drug therapy.

• FIRST THREE DAYS:
• Apply ice to the temples and forehead

(Apply the ice on the temple and forehead for 10 minutes at one-hour intervals). Ice should not be used on the transplanted area or the eyelid. )

• Do not engage in any sexual activity.
• FIRST FIVE DAYS

-     Because you're on antibiotics, you shouldn't drink alcohol.

-     Do not smoke, as it negatively affects the circulation and prevents the healthy nutrition of the planted hair follicles.

-   To prevent or more gently overcome swelling (edema), wear the sports band continuously during the times when you do not apply ice  (Headband prevents or minimizes swelling).

• Sleep with a high or double pillow on your back (It is recommended to use a travel pillow).
• Drink plenty of fluids. Avoid salty food.
• FIRST 10 DAYS
• In the first ten days, avoid sports that involve a lot of physical activity. Do not bend down and pick up heavy objects from the floor.
• Sports hats, berets, bandanas, and headscarves (not too tight) can be used beginning on the tenth day of the operation.
• After ten days, you can comb your hair again. You can massage with your fingertips.
• FIRST MONTH

• Do not enter the pool, Turkish bath, sauna, or solarium.
• Protect the hair transplant area from the hot sun.
• Do not use motorcycle helmets and helmets.
• One month after the hair transplant, you can use the medical treatments recommended by your physicians such as, mesotherapy, gf, and hair laser to accelerate hair growth and nourish your existing hair.
• Due to reduced oxygen transport, transplanted hair follicles lose existing hair strands within 3-4 weeks, which is a development we expect. Because the transplanted hair follicles are strong, they develop new hair strands in 12-14 weeks and grow an average of 1 cm every month.
• Do not have a haircut during this time (After one month, only scissors can be used in the transplanted area, in the donor area, you can use scissors or hair clippers).
• FIRST THREE MONTHS
• Do not do chemical applications such as using hair dyes, etc.
• After surgery (especially from the 3rd month), as the phase of hair loss ends and the hair in the transplant area begins to grow, minor pimple-like redness may appear at the bottom of the hair during this time, which you should report to your doctor.
• FIRST SIX MONTHS
• After the first six months, you can have your hair cut any way you want.

If the above criteria are fulfilled, the success of close to 99%.

Laser treatment can be performed on conchas. It is an application applied to shrink the inner conchas. In the laser device, laser energy is given into the nose with a fiber optic probe. This process allows the conchas to shrink from the inside and is used only for this area. It is a safe application that takes about 10 minutes.

The obstruction in the tubes negatively affects the normal pregnancy process. Because the meeting of eggs and sperm during pregnancy in the normal way, the first 5 days of life of the embryo and then its transmission into the uterus take place in the tubes of the woman. However, since the fertilization process takes place outside in IVF treatment, the chance of pregnancy does not change if the tubes are blocked or obstructed. However, in some cases, due to the fluid accumulated in the tubes, the possibility of holding the embryo decreases and it may be necessary to close or remove the tube or tubes with LS. In such a case, your doctor will provide you with detailed information.

Myomas extending to the inner cavity of the uterus may prevent the implantation and development of the embryo or cause miscarriage-premature birth. If the embryo settles in or near the area where the myoma is located, it may cause miscarriages because the blood supply may deteriorate. Again, in the subsequent stages of pregnancy, myomas may cause pain by degenerating or turning around themselves, and sometimes result in premature birth. The simplest test for the presence of myoma in the uterus is a uterine film called hysterosalpingography. Further examination method is a small operation called hysteroscopy that allows examination by entering the uterus with an optical device.

If pain in chest, neck, arm, left wrist or finger, feeling of pressure, numbness or tingling exists, a doctor should be immediately consulted.

During breast reduction surgery, the milk-producing glands are largely preserved and breastfeeding can be performed. However, it should be noted that this is an inference and not a guarantee.

After this surgery, the statement "I had my fat removed anyway, no matter what I do after this, I will not get fat again" is not true. Since 80-90% of the fat cells in the liposuction area are removed, liposis does not occur easily in that area. However, it is a fact that the way patients gain weight has changed. While the weight gain of a patient who had liposuction in the waist area does not affect this line much, it may cause liposis in the hip or belly areas. For this reason, it should be kept in mind that people may gain weight again and experience liposis problems after the operation.

It is very important to have the liposuction procedure done by specialist doctors and to pay attention to the amount of fat to be taken in one session.

Silicones used in breast augmentation surgeries are designed and produced to be used for a lifetime. However, after 10-20 years, it is recommended that the prosthesis be examined annually for leaks arising from the silicone's outer surface.

The reasons for the patient's request for breast lift are evaluated. If the patient has health problems such as diabetes in advanced ages, surgery is not recommended. Because after a certain age and in the presence of chronic diseases, wound healing is impaired. It is not recommended after the age of 70 if it does not negatively affect the patient's life. The lower age limit is accepted as 18 unless there is a medical necessity depending on the reasons for the need for lifting.

It should be evaluated by an endocrinologist as soon as possible and necessary tests should be planned.

Although it has been examined by experts for a very long time and the answer cannot be given clearly, the general view is that ejaculation by masturbation or sexual intercourse will contribute positively to prostate health by removing harmful chemicals accumulated in semen. Therefore, approaches suggest that the risk of prostate cancer may be reduced. Men who come more often have healthier lifestyle habits that reduce their likelihood of contracting the disease. In addition, ejaculation can reduce risk only in men of certain age groups.

In a scientific study of a total of 32,000 men followed for 18 years, it was found that men who came at least 21 times a month had a 20% lower risk of developing prostate cancer than men who came 4 to 7 times a month.

According to some research, ejaculation through sexual intercourse or masturbation does not seem to provide protection against high-risk prostate cancer.

There are types of cervical cancer such as CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 according to the severity of the disease in cervical cancer. 70-90% in the first stage, 40-45% in the second stage and 30-35% in the third stage may spontaneously decline in the disease. In patients who do not receive any treatment, the disease turns into advanced stage cancer over the years. There is no need to remove the uterus in the early stages, and complete recovery can be achieved by partially removing the cervix with simple surgical procedures called LEEP and conization. These patients may become pregnant and have a baby after treatment.

The stages of cervical cancer can be listed as follows;

• Stage 0: Abnormal cells are in the innermost layer of the cervix. It is also called carcinoma insutu.
• Stage I: Cancer cells are found only in the cervix. Tumour size can vary between 3 mm and 4 cm.
• Stage II A: Cancer has spread to the upper two-thirds of the vagina outside the cervix, but it has not spread to the tissues around the uterus.
• Stage II B: Cancer spread outside the cervix to the upper two-thirds of the vagina and the tissues around the uterus.
• Stage III A: The cancer has spread to the lower part of the vagina but not to the pelvic wall.
• Stage IIIB: The cancer has spread to the pelvic wall or blocked the ureters, the tubes where the kidneys are connected to the bladder.
• Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other parts of the bladder, rectum or body except the cervix.

It is known that genetic transmission may be effective on the basis of Stomach cancer and many other diseases. Genetic factors come to the fore in approximately 10% of all Stomach cancer cases.

It is not known exactly what reduces the recurrence rate after bladder cancer treatment. The benefit of nutrition in the development of bladder cancer or after treatment is not clear in scientific studies.

• However, it may be beneficial to quit smoking, eat a natural and balanced diet, and engage in regular physical activities.

Breast examination should be performed 4-5 days after the end of the menstrual period

Colon cancer, which can occur at any stage of life, occur at an older age often. Genetic predisposition, inactivity, overweight, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and excessive consumption of processed meat pose main risk for colon cancer, in which advanced age factor is primarily important.

Treatment of liver metastases depends on where it has spread (it belongs to which organ cancer), prevalence of the incidence (how many metastases are in the liver), the location of metastases in the liver, and whether it has spread elsewhere outside the liver. In particular, lymphomas can be treated with certain combinations of chemotherapy. Breast and lung cancers partially benefit from chemotherapy. In terms of the treatment of liver metastases, it is necessary to keep metastases of colon (colorectal) cancer separate. Colorectal cancers often metastasize to the liver, and surgical removal of liver metastases which are in the liver is also very important for treatment.

Treatment of liver metastases depends on where it has spread (it belongs to which organ cancer), prevalence of the incidence (how many metastases are in the liver), the location of metastases in the liver, and whether it has spread elsewhere outside the liver. In particular, lymphomas can be treated with certain combinations of chemotherapy. Breast and lung cancers partially benefit from chemotherapy. In terms of the treatment of liver metastases, it is necessary to keep metastases of colon (colorectal) cancer separate. Colorectal cancers often metastasize to the liver, and surgical removal of liver metastases which are in the liver is also very important for treatment.

Every person should examine their entire bodies by themselves (especially in front of a mirror for areas of the body that are not easily visible (such as the back) from the scalp to the feet).

Nevi in our body should be closely followed with regular monitoring, and a specialist should be consult for the changes or non-healing, bleeding skin wounds.

Examination of suspicious lesion or skin cancer diagnosed previously via Dermatoscopy device (surface microscopy) is recommended.

Blood tests (checks for medications levels and anemia), MRI of the brain, and EEG tests due to suspicion of epileptic seizure or in case of need for adjustment of medication level, are performed more often in the early stage and less often in the later stages. EEG is also performed to stop seizure medication by reducing at the end of particular period.

Completely prevention of the disease is not possible because the causes of kidney cancer are not fully known; however, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, not smoking, a combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise being fit, blood pressure control and regular check-ups, will help to minimize the risk of disease.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in the world and in our country. The incidence in women is also ever-increasing. Lung cancer is the first cause of death from cancer. More people die from lung cancer than those who lost their lives due to colon, breast and prostate cancer combined. The incidence increases with age. For example, while it rarely occurs under the age of 45, it is usually diagnosed between the ages of 50-70.

Patients with low-grade scoliosis have a high healing or recovery rate. However, a doctor's follow-up is required. The use of braces, various exercises, physical therapy and rehabilitation progrmas can be beneficial. However, in severe scoliosis cases, surgery may be required.

Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours are liable to bleed. In some cases interventional radiology experts may apply processes for veins to minimize the bleed before the operation. Like in all surgeries, infection risk exists in Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour operations as well. Organ damage, injury on large veins, kidneys or urinary tract may occur. Paralysis is among the risks of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour operations. However, this risk is minimized by the advanced technology used in surgical operations. The problems like urinary or faecal incontinence may be seen as a result of the impact on the nerves.

Structural disorders like kyphosis may be resulted with the limitation of lungs during breathing by pressuring the lungs in time, which causes difficulty in breathing.

Structural disorders like kyphosis may be resulted with the limitation of lungs during breathing by pressuring the lungs in time, which causes difficulty in breathing.

Pain caused by lumbar vertebrae displacement can be relieved with treatment programs determined by physical therapy and rehabilitation physicians. Even if the lumbar vertebrae displacement does not improve, patients can return to their normal lives after the pain has subsided.

Nowadays, the risk rate of lumbar disc herniation surgeries is quite low with new methods applied with experienced hands.

Nowadays, the risk rate of lumbar disc herniation surgeries is quite low with new methods applied with experienced hands.

After a bone marrow transplantation, you will be closely monitored by physicians. It may take a year to fully recover. Complete recovery after a bone marrow physician depends on many factors. These include your age, general health status, whether you are receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, donor compliance if it is allogeneic transplantation. If your stem cells start producing blood cells again after a transplantation, you can continue your normal daily activities.

This risk changes according to the stage of the disease which necessitates liver transplant. These persons are generally in a very serious condition. On the other hand, liver transplant is among the recognized grandest operations. “Serious illness + grand operation” is the most important factor which increases the risks. Besides, the biggest vessels of body are cut and stitched while liver is changed and some unwanted bleedings may occur during this process. Sometimes liver may not work properly in the new body. Infections may form a serious problem in these patients whose immune system is suppressed. Team experience, technological opportunities in hospital, proper care after operation and monitoring patients regularly have tremendous importance to minimize risks.

The transplanted patients are recommended not to attend sports events (like boxing, wrestling, football, basketball etc.). People should remain active, abstain from smoking and alcohol and apply a healthy diet.

Health insurance does not apply to hair transplantation for aesthetic procedures anywhere in the world, not just in our country.

You can expect to regain your health. You can expect to increase your happiness.

In the tummy tuck operation, the excess skin tissue is removed. In addition, the spaces between the abdominal muscles are tightened. The applied sutures usually dissolve within 6 months. For this reason, a period of 6 months to 1 year is recommended for the patient to become pregnant after the tummy tuck procedure. However, even if an unplanned pregnancy occurs after a tummy tuck, there is no harm to the mother or the baby. During the growth process of the baby, the threads are slowly absorbed inside and the abdomen grows as required by pregnancy under normal conditions. However, if there is a pregnancy planned in the near future, a tummy tuck procedure is more appropriate after the end of the pregnancy process and the end of the puerperium period.

In the tummy tuck operation, the excess skin tissue is removed. In addition, the spaces between the abdominal muscles are tightened. The applied sutures usually dissolve within 6 months. For this reason, a period of 6 months to 1 year is recommended for the patient to become pregnant after the tummy tuck procedure. However, even if an unplanned pregnancy occurs after a tummy tuck, there is no harm to the mother or the baby. During the growth process of the baby, the threads are slowly absorbed inside and the abdomen grows as required by pregnancy under normal conditions. However, if there is a pregnancy planned in the near future, a tummy tuck procedure is more appropriate after the end of the pregnancy process and the end of the puerperium period.

Profiloplasty is a surgery performed by paying attention to the forehead, nose and chin angles in order to beautify the profile image of the person. In profiloplasty, attention is paid not only to nose surgery, but also to the angle between the forehead and the nose, the forward or backward position of the lower jaw or the angles it makes with the lip, and the angle of the lip with the nose. For instance, the back or forward position of the chin can sometimes be fixed with fillings and sometimes with prostheses. The best results are obtained if the angles made by the lip with the nose and the lip with the chin are also applied.

No, the presence of a myoma does not reduce the egg reserve. The ovaries and the site of the myoma are separate. Myomas are located in the uterus, if pregnancy is desired and there is a myoma, the patient can be informed about whether the myoma can prevent pregnancy after a specialist physician examination, and if necessary, treatment options including surgical intervention come to the agenda.

No, there is no evidence that the medications used in IVF treatment increase the risk of cancer. Many studies have been conducted on this subject matter and no direct relationship has been noted between these medications and ovarian, uterine and breast cancer.

Pain is a mechanism which protects the body. The patients with disturbed pain mechanism are the ones with diabetes and the overweight individuals. The first step to be protected against pain should be abstaining from smoking. Then the weight, blood pressure and sugar should be taken under control.

As the excess tissue in the area is removed, the abdominal region gains weight in the same way as the body normally gains weight. In relation to the procedure, it is not possible to gain more weight than normal. However, after the previous pregnancy, there will be a partial regression in the appearance gained by surgery.

As with any surgery involving an incision, breast reduction surgery is surgery with scars. In the early period after breast reduction surgery, the scars may be darker and more prominent. Within 6-12 months after the breast reduction surgery, the scars of the operation will become very faint and close to the skin color. The scar of breast reduction surgery may become too indistinct in some patients.

By giving a special liquid to the areas where liposuction will be performed, it is ensured that the fat is removed more easily and the bleeding is minimized. Very small incisions hidden in the body folds are entered with thin cannulas and excess fat is removed by vacuum. No scar is left after the surgery.

Foreign bodies placed in the body are produced from materials such as gold, titanium, silicon, which the body is not expected to give an allergic reaction to. The usual situation is the process called foreign body reaction. Every substance placed on the body is covered with a kind of cover produced by the body. This is called a capsule in the prosthesis.

Breast lift surgery does not cause cancer.

Although it is not called a complication in the early period after surgical surgery, some complications may occur. Calcium deficiency may occur as a result of damage or removal of the parathyroid glands. There may be symptoms such as numbness in the hands, face and feet. Reinforcements can be taken for this. First of all, at the end of a one-month period, it is necessary to look at the thyroid hormones, especially the free T4 hormones, and to measure their calcium values. At the beginning, controls are performed once a month and then every 6 months. The person has to take the thyroid hormone from the outside for a lifetime. Calcium supplements can also be used according to the amount of calcium. Apart from this, the patient should pay attention to his/her diet and exercise after the treatment. Fatigue is generally common in cancer patients. It's a situation that doesn't even stop with resting. Usually, patients say that they cannot perform their daily activities. However, in this case, exercise will be very good for patients. Exercising eliminates fatigue. If the patients live still after treatment, their muscle strength may be insufficient. However, physical activities should also be planned with the help of an expert. Exercise relaxes the person both mentally and physically, the nutritional changes made with it enable to reach the ideal weight, exercise and diet together reduce the risk of some types of cancer. After thyroid cancer treatment, it is possible to return to daily life.

Chemotherapy is rarely applied in prostate cancer. In patients who are not eligible for surgery, the preferred treatment approach is radiotherapy alone or with hormone suppressive drugs. Chemotherapy can be applied in patients who do not respond to hormone suppression treatments or in patients whose complaints such as bone pain due to a common disease cannot be fully controlled.

HPV test can be performed with the swab method to be taken from the cervix. If there are warts, samples of warts (under local anaesthesia) and swab samples are examined in the laboratory. A smear test should be performed along with it. This process only takes a few minutes. In males, wart samples can be taken, if there is no wart, swab samples are taken from the tip of the penis, groin, testicles or penis root. ). It is recommended that all women between the ages of 21-65 have smear tests at least every 3 years or HPV test with smear every 5 years after the age of 30. Co-administration of HPV test and smear test is more effective in preventing cancer. If a suspicious condition occurs, colposcopy and examination of the cervix are required. If the person has been treated for cervical cancer and has completed the treatment, it is important that they have a smear test every year.

Apart from the effect of genetic factors in cancer formation, environmental factors play an important role. According to the researches, it is accepted that 10 percent of stomach cancers are caused by family history, that is, genetic factors. In some cases, environmental factors may trigger genetic predisposition and cause stomach cancer. Care should be taken to minimize the consumption of salty foods that increase the risk of stomach cancer. Stomach cancer, which often occurs in the mucosa in the society, develops towards the outer layers over time. This development can sometimes be symptomatic. However, stomach cancers often occur incidentally.

There is no scientific evidence that the diet, herbal products, vitamins and minerals prevent the development of bladder cancer or reduce the likelihood of recurrence. Many studies have been conducted on this subject, and in general, natural and healthy nutrition and active mobility are recommended.

You should undergo mammography and ultrasonography once between the ages of 35-40. This is called “Basic mammography.” After the age of 40, you should have a routine mammography scan.

It is possible for the diseases to be transferred to next generation by genetic transition. But the fact that there is no family history does not mean colon cancer will not develop. Therefore, a test should be done even for the purpose of control at early stage.

The spread of cancer anywhere in the body from the place of its origin (organ) to another place is called the metastasis of this cancer. If appearance of these metastases in the liver are called liver metastasis.

There is no specific recommended age range. Skin cancers can be examined and followed in men, women, teenagers, and adults in all age groups.

There are many scientific publications that express both positive and negative opinions on this issue. General opinion is that mobile phones do not lead to brain tumors.

There are many advantages of a living donor transplant: The kidney immediately starts to work, the possibility of organ rejection is lower, the grafts have a longer sustainability, and the kidney of a living donor is completely healthy- it is a known fact that their kidney run better and longer in comparison with the cadaver kidneys. Additionally, there are thousands of patients on the waiting list and there amount of dead (cadaver) donor is insufficient. Organ scarcity and death rates may be reduced with living donor transplant.

Correct posture is very important. Sit upright and walk upright. Regular exercise should be done, and physical activity should be emphasized on. It is very important to eat healthy and to get enough calcium. One should not be busy with the phone for a long time with the head bent forward. The backpack should not be carried on one shoulder. Heavy lifting should not be done, weight should not be carried on a signle side. Apart from these recommendations, regular doctor check-ups should not be neglected.

Patients may experience severe pain after the Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour operations. Taking this into consideration, usage of effective pain killers is also included in the plan before the operation.

In the Scheuermann kyphosis, pain may be felt on the lower area of backbone. Patients must indicate these kinds of complaints while consulting the doctor.

Lumbar vertebrae displacement can be prevented with precautions, but doctors do not recommend long-term use of corsets for patients. Because the use of corsets for more than 4 weeks without any breaks may cause weakening in the lower back muscles.

This risk is particularly high in young men. Regularly exercising after the surgical procedure, following the post-operative recommendations, and being careful not to make any straining movements reduce the risk of recurrence of lumbar disc herniation.

Surgical procedures may change according to your general situation and applications of your medical team. The operation may be cancelled because of organ incompatibility or other complications. Generally liver transplant has a process as such:

You are requested to take off your clothes and wear an apron.

An IV (Intravenous) line is started in your arm or hand. Other tubes (catheters) will be placed on your neck and wrist. They can also be placed below your collarbone or between your abdomen and pelvic area; these are used to control your heart and blood pressure and to take blood samples.

• You will be laid on the operation table.
• A catheter will be placed in your bladder to discharge urine.
• After anaesthesia, the anaesthetist will place a tube in your lungs. This is to help you to breathe with the help of a machine (ventilator). The anaesthetist will continue to control your heartbeat speed, blood pressure, breathe and oxygen level in blood during the operation.
• The skin on the surgical area will be cleaned with a sterile (antiseptic) solution.
• The physician will make a cut right below the both ribs on your abdomen. The cut will be straight on the breastbone with a small length.
• Physician will carefully distinguish the diseased liver from the nearby organs and structures.
• Dependant arteries and vessels will be closed to stop blood stream into the diseased liver.
• Different surgical methods can be applied to take the diseased liver our and implant the donor liver. The method will be according to your special condition.
• The diseased liver will be taken after it is cut from blood vessels.
• Your surgeon will control the donor liver before placing it into your body.
• Donor liver will be tied with your blood vessels. Blood stream will start into your new liver. The surgeon will control any bleeding in stitches.
• The biliary tract of the new liver will be tied onto the biliary tract and intestine of the taker.
• The cut will be closed by surgical stitch or stapler.
• A drain may be placed onto the cut area to alleviate the swelling.
• Sterile bondage or medical dressing will be applied.

There are many advantages of a living donor transplant: The kidney immediately starts to work, the possibility of organ rejection is lower, the grafts have a longer sustainability, and the kidney of a living donor is completely healthy- it is a known fact that their kidney run better and longer in comparison with the cadaver kidneys. Additionally, there are thousands of patients on the waiting list and there amount of dead (cadaver) donor is insufficient. Organ scarcity and death rates may be reduced with living donor transplant.

If bone marrow transplantation process is successfully completed, you can start exercising. Intensity of the exercise should be gradually increased; you should not suddenly do excessive effort during the exercise. Your physician will help you create an exercise plan that is adjusted according to your needs and requirements.

1. The entire process is planned at Memorial Hair Transplant Centers, and our experienced doctors open hair canals.
2. In Memorial Health Group hospitals, hair transplant operations are performed in accordance with sterilization rules.
3. Serious problems such as hepatitis B, HIV, AIDS, fungal infections, and various systemic infections can occur if hair transplantation is not performed under sterile conditions. Patients may experience pain, edema, scalp inflammation, bleeding, and skin collapse after the procedure, in addition to a cosmetically poor appearance.
4. Anesthesiologists perform sedation and anesthesia procedures at Memorial Health Group hair transplant centers. Pain threshold is increased by needle-free anesthesia (Dermojet application).
5. Slit and percutaneous needle methods used in hair transplantation may leave scars in the tissue. The canal angles may not be adjusted naturally. Thanks to DHI and Sapphire Fue hair transplantation techniques performed by Memorial Health Group, a natural and permanent look is achieved.
6. The use of Sapphire Fue to open the canals creates a natural and dense appearance and aids in the healing process.
7. Depending on the suitability of the donor area, a natural and dense appearance is sought by transplanting as many hair follicles as possible to the area to be planted.
8. With an unshaven hair transplant, you can continue your life without wasting time. Depending on the size of the planted area, it may be difficult to notice that hair transplantation is being performed.
9. One of the main advantages of performing hair transplant surgery in a fully equipped hospital is that if the person has an underlying health problem or various chronic diseases related to hair loss, they can be referred to other doctors in the industry and asked for advice.

The postoperative diet plan will be arranged by your doctor and dietician according to the surgery performed, and it can be continued in 4 different stages as liquid, puree, soft and standard diet.

Structures called concha, that is, nasal meatus, provide heating and humidification of the air inhaled through the nose. Enlargement of the concha, that is, hypertrophy of the concha, can also be confused with diseases such as adenoid and septum curvature among the people. The nasal concha, which are located in three rows on the side walls from the front to the back in the nasal cavity, especially in the lower part, can usually grow due to allergic reactions or secondary causes of septum curvature. Problems that cause nasal congestion, such as nasal concha and septum curvature, are simultaneously correctable problems with nasal aesthetics.

Drugs used in IVF treatment may cause some weight gain due to edema and appetite in the body. Since these medications are at a level that can produce normal hormonal effects in the body, side effects related to weight gain can be seen. These medications do not cause a weight gain that cannot be lost later. Also, due to the psychological situation that this period imposes on the patient, depression-like behaviors and as a result, changes in eating habits and weight changes can be experienced.

There may be complaints such as itching, mild pain, burning and irritation, as well as bruising at the injection site, depending on the sensitivity of women in the areas where the needles are applied. During IVF treatment, conditions such as tenderness in the breasts, hot flushes, excessive emotionality and groin pain- bloating, constipation, frequent urination are also observed.

The individuals whose family has an early heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure history and overweight persons are in the high risk group. The persons in the risk group should have a blood test, blood pressure control and effort test once a year after the age of 30, and the ones who have no risk should have the tests once a year after the age of 40. I especially suggest the ones who work in high risk jobs, and executives with high adrenaline to have computerized coronary angiography after the age of 40. Nowadays the young persons are working in the jobs which exceed their age and occupational experience, they are taking the responsibilities which they cannot bear because of their age, and consuming themselves to prove their personality, and this situation increases the risk of coronary heart diseases. Thanks to this wonderful technology, it is possible to have info about the situation of cardiovascular diseases for the next ten years.

If you become pregnant after the tummy tuck procedure, the usual stretch marks caused by pregnancy can be seen. As a result, there will be a difference between the expansion of a tight and flat abdominal tissue and the expansion of an abundant tissue. If the stretch marks are genetic in the expectant mother or if there has been a rapid weight gain and loss process, the existing stretch marks may increase. In these patients, it is generally recommended to get over the pregnancy process before the tummy tuck procedure and to do the procedure later. However, if these people pay attention to their diet and sports, especially if they pay attention to exercises such as pilates or yoga, the risk of marks will be minimized as the abdomen will gain flexibility accordingly.

Breast reduction surgery does not cause cancer in any way. On the contrary, there are opinions that it reduces the risk of cancer because the tissue is removed, but it has not been revealed in scientific publications and large series. Ultimately, it can be said with certainty that it does not increase the risk of cancer.

Silicone prostheses do not burst, except for penetrating injury with a sharp object, but they may lose volume over time. The loss of volume of silicone prostheses used in breast augmentation is not rapid and sudden but spreads over a long period of time. Thus, there is no sudden situation such as a burst. Despite all the tests during the production phase, there may be a manufacturing defect in the silicone prosthesis and very rarely (1 in 100,000) the inner silicone content may decrease due to leakage from the outer capsule. This causes complaints such as pain and discomfort in the form of volume reduction. In this case, the silicone prosthesis should be removed and replaced with a new one. Prosthesis manufacturers provide a warranty for 10-20 years for such situations.

The process of removing unwanted fat from different parts of the body and giving the body a smoother shape is called "liposuction". Abdomen, hips, hips, upper legs, knees, upper arms, under the chin, cheeks and neck are the areas where the liposuction method can be applied. This process is a regional shaping method and should not be perceived as a general weight-loss method. The most suitable people for liposuction are those who have been able to lose weight in general by applying weight loss methods but have protrusions in some parts of their bodies.

One of the most frequently asked questions about breast lift surgeries is whether there is a scar after the operation. As with any surgical intervention, a breast lift will leave scars. While the scars are more prominent and red in the early period, they become faint and hardly noticeable as time passes.

Calcium deficiency may occur in the long term after thyroid cancer treatment. However, this is complemented by supplements. In addition, since it will be deprived of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland, the thyroid hormone will always be used in the long term. In addition, there may be fatigue after treatment, but people can overcome this side effect if they live a regular life.

Prostatectomy refers to the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland as a medical term consisting of a combination of the Greek words prostateēs, "prostate" and ectomē, "cutting off".

If this procedure is to be performed due to cancer, the prostate gland and the adjacent seminal vesicle and sperm ducts called vas deferens should be removed.
Although basically similar, technically three different methods are used;

• Laparoscopic
• Robot-assisted laparoscopic
• Open surgery

In the laparoscopic method, the surgeon inserts the special surgical equipment into the abdomen through a few small incisions and performs the surgery with the camera system without the need for major surgical incisions.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery method is performed in certain hospitals as it requires special training and technical infrastructure. Although the basic surgical approach is lapatoscopy, surgical equipment is kept by the robotic arms controlled by the surgeon. Classic laparoxpoo superiority is that the equipment used provides wide freedom of movement to mimic the movements of the human hand.

In the open surgical method, the operation is performed with a large surgical incision made from the bottom of the belly to the groin.

After the age of 21, every woman should have a cervical screening test.

There are some forms of nutrition that help reduce the risk of stomach cancer. It may be healthier to store food in the refrigerator instead of salting and smoking it. Consumption of salted meat and fish products should be avoided to minimize the risk of stomach cancer. Fresh fruit and vegetable consumption is very important not only to reduce the risk of stomach cancer but also to prevent different health problems. Inactivity and accompanying obesity may trigger the risk of stomach cancer. Exercising regularly is important to reduce the risk. Regular monitoring of eating and drinking habits by maintaining the ideal weight and limiting the consumption of processed meat or red meat may reduce the risk of cancer. In addition to all these measures, tobacco product use and alcohol consumption should be avoided for a healthy life.

Bladder tumour is a common disease in general over 50 years of age. However, it is observed that it is seen even in the 20s in practice. In addition, the incidence of bladder tumours in men is approximately 4 times higher than in women. However, when seen in women, it tends to be worse.

Bladder tumour is a common disease in general over 50 years of age. However, it is observed that it is seen even in the 20s in practice. In addition, the incidence of bladder tumours in men is approximately 4 times higher than in women. However, when seen in women, it tends to be worse.

You should have your annual routine ultrasound follow-ups after the age of 25-26. In genetic breast cancers, the first mammography age is 26. If you are at risk of familial breast cancer, you should be followed up by mammography after the age of 32-34.

Polyps are usually benign. However, whether polyps can cause cancer should definitely be evaluated by a specialist physician's follow-up.

Yes. The liver is a large organ that filters blood. For this reason, cancer cells that enter in blood circulation remain stuck in this organ and continue to grow. The blood coming from especially digestive system (intestines) pass through the liver firstly, therefore liver metastases of these cancers belonging to these areas are frequently observed. Metastases to the liver are common in cancers of organs such as large intestine, stomach, pancreas, bile ducts, small intestine. In addition, metastases of breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphomas are frequently observed.

"Broad-Spectrum" supplemented by tests: The new rules will allow the consumer to make sure that it is "broad-spectrum" that protects him/her from both UVB and UVA rays when buying sunscream. All sunscream products have a feature protecting against UVB rays that lead to sunburn. Now, they will have a protective property against UVA irradiation that play part in the formation of skin cancer and premature aging of the skin. "Broad spectrum" label can be used only in the products that have passed the tests.

In not only brain tumors but also in many newly diagnosed diseases, views of another physician are received in order to evaluate diagnosis and treatment recommendations of the first physician.

This type of cancer is classified into two main groups as “small cell” and “non-small cell lung cancer”. Its growth, spread and treatment differ according to the type of disease. Small cell lung cancer is the type that grows faster and spreads more to other parts of the body and accounts for 20% of all lung cancers. The cause of this disease is usually smoking. Lung cancer is often spreads to bones, liver, brain and adrenal glands.

Scoliosis does not develop due to the person's standing or sitting position. However, poor posture in a child may be a sign of scoliosis.

Delaying Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour causes the advancement of tumour. The symptoms caused by Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour advances day by day. The tumour which reveals itself with pain in a single leg may have an impact on the other as well. The complaints of tumour reveal themselves in sequence and this may result with paralysis. According to the region where the tumour is located, the paralysis may affect the area under neck or waist.

Kyphosis occurs with increase of the anterior curvature (more than 50-60 degrees)or disappearance or strengthening of the curvature in waist (less than 15 degrees) in the backbone.

Exercises that strengthen the muscle groups around the back, abdomen and lumbar vertebrae that provide movement to the spine should be done under the supervision of a doctor in order to prevent lumbar vertebrae displacement and any discomfort in the entire spinal system.

Lumbar disc herniation surgery does not have any negative effects on sexual functions.

Every person can be a living donor under the medical and legal conditions.

In case that a fully compatible sibling donor or donor from bone marrow banks cannot be found, the most important option for today is transplantation from semi-compatible (haploidentical) relatives and cord blood. Since stem cells in cord blood have an excess of immune flexibility, complete adaptation is not sought. But small amount of stem cells in cord blood can be a problem for transplantations in the adults. It also delays recovery of immune system after transplantation for the same reason and increases the risk of complications such as infection. Transplantation performed from semi-compatible relatives is an important treatment option that its frequency of application has been increasing for the past 10 years across the world. Between 50% and 80% of the HLA genes of semi-compatible relative donors are compatible with the patient. While the probability of a sibling becoming a semi-compatible is 50%, all children of the patient, their parents are semi-compatible with the patient. It can take two or three months to find a donor from a bone marrow bank, then to confirm the donor's HLA in high resolution, to collect stem cells. Patients with recurrent blood cancer may not have this much time to wait. In addition, supply of stem cells from semi-compatible relatives does not take much time, as because it is easy to access them. In case that the disease recurs after allogenic transplantation, even though the disease is treated by being given lymphocyte of same donor there is no such a probability in case of use of cord blood. In foreign transplantations, it may take time to collect cells again. In semi-compatible transplantations, it is very easy to collect cells again if the donor is still healthy. Significant difference was not found between semi-compatible transplantations and unrelated fully compatible transplantations that have been performed in the patients with acute leukemia in China in terms of treatment results.

The immune system of our body recognizes its own cells and does not react against them. However if any cells (blood, organ etc.) belong to another person enter into the body, it understands these are foreign cells and tries to expel these from the body while taking a defence. The microbes are also treated in a similar way. This reaction of the body against the transplanted organ is named as tissue rejection. This may be experienced in every stage of organ and tissue transplants, and causes death of the transplanted tissue or organ if no precaution is taken with early recognition. To prevent tissue rejection, the patients with transplant take some medications to minimize this effect of the immune system. This is called as immunosuppression. Sometimes tissue rejection develops despite these medications. This can be recognized with the deterioration of function in the new liver and detecting symptoms of tissue rejection via liver biopsy. Such a blaze-up is generally treated without any problem and everything turns back to normal.

You can have a preliminary consultation and examination in our hospitals by appointment through the call center.

It is of great importance to apply a low-carbohydrate-high protein diet under the guidance of a nutritionist and dietician, to arrange more meals in small portions, to gain good chewing habits, to provide daily multivitamin, calcium, and vitamin D supplements, and to organize physical exercises. Since patients can be saturated with small portions after surgery, they do not have any problems getting used to their new lives.

Rhinoplasty can be performed together with prominent ear and other facial aesthetic operations depending on the preference of the physician.

Hair dyes are not dangerously toxic, so dye can be applied to your hair during IVF treatment and while you are pregnant. A small amount of hair dye may enter your skin during the dyeing process. This is quite a small amount that the chemical has no harmful effect on your baby's developing body. Only organic-based, ammonia-free hair dyes should be preferred during pregnancy.

Resting after IVF treatment is not recommended. After the embryo transfer, you can return to work the next day. Resting does not increase the pregnancy rate. During the treatment, our patients can only take leave from the workplace (2 days in total) on egg collection and embryo transfer days

We have two hormones which are produced by us in our body: adrenalin and endorphin. Adrenalin is a hormone which carries us through. It increases our blood pressure and pulse. But it also causes a

bounding pulse, spasm and high blood pressure. Endorphin, on the other hand, enlarges the veins. Both of these give happiness and cause addiction. While listening to a good music, or after a decent walk, our endorphin level rises in blood. It is good for heart when the endorphin is as high and adrenaline is as low as possible.

It is not necessary to lose weight before tummy tuck surgery. Nevertheless, in the case of being overweight, efforts should be made to reach the ideal weight range. Thus, it will be possible to obtain the best results that can be obtained with tummy tuck surgery.

It is more appropriate to perform breast reduction surgery after the weight loss process is completed. However, after the surgery, weight can be lost under the control of a specialist.

In breast augmentation surgery, there is no loss of sensation in breasts with silicone, nipple or any part of the breast, but if a very large prosthesis is to be placed, the area will have to be opened wider. In such a case, it may be necessary to sacrifice some of the nerves that give sensation to the breast.

After liposuction, pain can be seen in the body for 2-3 days. Pain can be felt in the form of mild aching and stinging only in the areas where fat is removed. Pain can be prevented with painkillers.

Before breast lift surgery, smoking should be stopped or reduced if possible, excessive consumption of herbal products should be avoided, and treatment should be regulated if there is an active soft tissue disease.

The presence of lumps and nodules in the thyroid does not mean that there will be cancer. However, in the presence of such a lump, regular doctor control is required.

Cancer prevention is a measure taken to reduce the risk of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, it is aimed to reduce the number of new cancer cases and thus to reduce cancer deaths.

Risk factors and protective factors are considered to prevent the onset of new cancers. Anything that increases your chances of getting cancer is called a cancer risk factor; anything that reduces your chances of developing cancer is called a cancer preventive factor. Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may reduce your risk, but that doesn't mean you won't have cancer. The most important determinant is genetic inheritance. There is no definite way to prevent prostate cancer. Many risk factors such as age, race and family history cannot be controlled.

The effects of body weight, physical activity and diet on the risk of prostate cancer are not exactly clear, but still healthy eating, a physically active life, adequate and quality sleep habits will reduce the risk of cancer.

The Smear test, Pap Smear Test, is an effective test for screening for cervical cancer. It is a test that every woman should have every 3 years with the recommendation of her doctor. Thanks to this test, abnormal conditions in the vagina or cervix can be detected. The HPV DNA test shows which virus type the HPV infection in the body belongs to. HPV, which is active in cervical cancer, is detected by HPV DNA test. Some results of the Smear test may suggest the presence of HPV in the person. In this case, HPV DNA test is requested. Colposcopy examination is performed together with Smear test and HPV DNA.

Stomach cancer surgery can be recommended according to the stage of the disease and the suitability of the conditions. Chemotherapy can be provided as a treatment according to the stage of Stomach cancer and surgery can be foreseen for later. During the surgical intervention, it is aimed to remove the cancerous part of the stomach, that is, the entire cancerous area. As in many surgeries requiring medical intervention, Stomach cancer surgeries also have some risks. If the specialist physician has foreseen gastric surgery, surgery should be performed considering some risks.

TUR SURGERY

• The side effects of bladder cancer TUR surgery are usually mild and do not last long. After the TUR surgery, pain and mild bleeding may occur while urinating. The observed effects return to normal within 1-2 weeks.
• Although the bladder tumour is completely removed after the TUR surgery, the tumour may recur.
• Multiple TUR surgeries may cause problems such as stenosis in the urinary tract.

Radical Cystectomy and new bladder or ileal loop diversion surgery from the intestine

• Radical cystectomy surgeries are more severe than TUR surgery. Side effects of anaesthesia may occur.
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Blood clots in legs or lungs
• Damage to adjacent organs
• Urinary incontinence or obstruction of urine flow
• Elimination of sperm output and erection problems can be seen in men. With new neuroprotective surgical techniques, erection problems and sexual reluctance can be prevented. In women, menopause and sexual reluctance may occur, but organ protection techniques are preferred in patients of appropriate age.

The benefit of mammography far outweighs the harm. Therefore, the radiation given by mammography should never be considered as a harm to the body. In technologies with a very high radiation rate in the 1960s, it was determined that the harm of mammography was far below its benefit in patients who were followed up with mammography for 30 years. Mammographies give 10 times less radiation than technologies at that time. Since there is no radiation in the MRI, there is no side effect on the patient.

Some genetic disorders in colon cancer, in which environmental factors take important place, can be transferred from parents to next generation. Genetic disorders can develop with an environmental factor.

Some genetic disorders in colon cancer, in which environmental factors take important place, can be transferred from parents to next generation. Genetic disorders can develop with an environmental factor.

This period varies from patient to patient, depending on the patient's treatment method and many parameters.

Majority of brain tumors is not inherited. However, in several syndromic diseases such as neurofibromatosis and Von Hippel Lindau disease, brain tumors also occur in the patients with the syndrome addition to other findings.

The number one cause of lung cancer is smoking, which is responsible for 85% of cases. Lung cancer risk is 20 times higher in smokers of 1 pack a day than non-smokers. Age of onset of smoking, duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked affect the progress of cancer. Passive smoking, that is, being exposed to cigarette smoke by being in smoking environments, also increases the risk of lung cancer. Other risk factors are genetic transmission, asbestos, radon gas, and air pollution. Some lung diseases such as tuberculosis and radiotherapy to the lungs increase the risk of lung cancer. The presence of high levels of arsenic in drinking water may also increase the risk of lung cancer.

Heavy exercises that put a load on one side of the body, heavy bags and one-sided carrying, wrong sitting position, exercise movements that are not suitable for the musculoskeletal structure trigger scoliosis.

There is no scientifically proven herbal treatment of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours.

kyphosis is left untreated, it may make breathing harder by pressurizing the lungs. Situations like numbness prickling in waist, urinary incontinence may be experienced. Movement capacity of the patient decreases and lack of self-confidence is experienced. All the living comfort of the patient may be destructed.

Women with lumbar vertebrae displacement can get pregnant. However, as the baby grows in the womb during pregnancy, the mother's center of gravity will shift forward. Although the load that normal anatomy can bear increases during this period, there may be an increase in pain as a result of a change in the center of gravity and an increase in the displacement. Strengthening the lower back muscles with appropriate exercises during the preparation period for pregnancy can make this period more comfortable. While the mother continues her routine life during pregnancy, doing the things that may strain her back more carefully and being careful can prevent the increase in the complaints of lumbar vertebrae displacement

Cases of lumbar disc herniation are especially common in people aged 35 to 55 . Lumbar disc herniation is more common in men than in women. However, complaints of lumbar disc herniation are observed in a significant part of society in our country.

Cases of lumbar disc herniation are especially common in people aged 35 to 55 . Lumbar disc herniation is more common in men than in women. However, complaints of lumbar disc herniation are observed in a significant part of society in our country.

Like all the transplant patients, liver transplant patients should also take immunosuppressive medication lifelong. This is the main condition of the treatment success. If medications are not taken regularly, the immune system immediately starts a war against this foreign organ and this may result with the loss of organ or even life.

If the patients with kidney failure do not have a very significant health problem, they need to have a transplant. In spite of the fact that the elderly patients seem to have a lesser chance to have a transplant because negative effects of dialysis cause a faster degradation of their body, these patients should be evaluated under the scope of transplantation while noting that the patient group which gain more advantage from the transplantation is the elderly group. In Europe Transplantation Centre’s special program for this group of patients, kidney taken from an elderly person is planted into another elder individual. Besides, kidney from an 80-year-old person also gives successful results when planted into another patient with advanced age if there is no functional problem in the kidney functions. A person with an advanced level cardiac disease may have kidney transplant after having the necessary examinations and treatments. The necessary point here is to enable the person to reach a healthy heart by applying the necessary treatment or operation. Then the kidney transplant can be done in a quite healthy way. For example, there is no inconveniency when a person with bypass has transplantation. The transplantation can be done months after the cardiac surgery.

not paid.

Each patient will have a different experience depending on the surgery option they choose. Patients who eat consistently balanced and exercise get the best results. Along with these, gastric bypass patients lose 60-80% of their excess weight on average. Patients who have sleeve gastrectomy lose 50-70% of their excess weight on average.

Turkey's nose structure is close to the Persian nose family. Usually, the complaints also come from the arched nose. In patients with an arched nose, after the excess of bone and cartilage forming the bridge of the nose is filed or removed, if the part that we technically call the roof is opened, it is closed again by breaking it with chisels, piezo-electric systems or chainsaws to close the roof. Recently, arched noses can be corrected with techniques in which the nose height is completely reduced without rasping the arch in patients with appropriate arch height.

Factors that affect success in IVF include the age of the woman, egg reserve and quality, avoiding stress, keeping weight gain under control - starting treatment at ideal weight, presence of some structural problems (such as myoma, uterine anomalies), sperm count and quality, smoking and alcohol use, the inner membrane of the uterus not being thick enough and strong enough to adhere to the embryo, and genetic problems of the couple.

Yes, it's ok to travel by car and plane after your treatment.

The death cases experienced in children because of cardiac reasons are not heart attack. In order to have a heart attack, the veins which nourish the heart should have a blood clot inside and this clot should block the veins. The cases in children are frequently caused by the congenital events. This may be a valve narrowness (mostly the aorta valve), congenital rhythm disorder or thickening of the area between the two walls of heart. Most of the death cases in children occur because of the rhythm disorders caused by congenital anomalies. If there are some problems like empurpling while sucking, this is a messenger of a congenital heart anomaly.

Abdominoplasty may not be necessary for every person who loses weight. In people who are not very overweight, who have good skin elasticity and quality, and are at an early age, significant sagging and deformity may not occur after weight loss, which may require a tummy tuck.

It is recommended that patients wear a special bra for an average of 1 month after breast reduction surgery. Generally, sports bras are worn, but after 1 month, other bras can be used.

Any surgery involving an incision leaves a scar. The aim of breast augmentation surgery is to place the surgical scar in places where it will not be visible, attract attention, or hide it with a successful operation.

In order to place the prosthesis to be used in breast augmentation surgery, a path can be created by making incisions in the submammary region from various places. The factors that influence how this incision will be include;

• The patient's breast structure
• Surgeons' preferences
• The patient's request.

Generally, the prosthesis can be placed through an incision of 4-5 cm in the inframammary fold, through the nipple, armpit, and even the navel in those whose nipple size is sufficient for the prosthesis to be placed.

It should be noted that Liposuction is a surgical procedure and can lead to undesirable consequences such as bleeding, infection, fluid buildup, skin injury and nerve damage. In addition to these, aesthetic complications such as irregularities or fluctuations on the skin surface may occur. Although it is very rare, fat embolism may occur. There may be problems such as pigmentation changes (brown spots) that can be permanent when exposed to the sun. Asymmetry (uneven contour or shape) may sometimes require corrective action.

During breast lift surgery, the milk-producing glands are largely preserved and breastfeeding can be performed. However, it should be noted that this is an inference and not a guarantee.

Although thyroid cancer can sometimes recur in the neck, it can also cause metastasis. With the lymph nodes in the chest and neck, this cancer can spread to the lungs, liver and bones. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are very important.

This can be determined according to the condition of the disease. With the development of technology, pregnancy can be achieved in the early stages through methods such as embryo freezing and egg collection. However, the stage of the disease is important for this.

Chemotherapy is given to facilitate the surgical intervention in Stomach cancer to ensure the reduction of the tumour before the intervention. In some stages, this method can also be used as a treatment option. Chemotherapy is a drug therapy that benefits when the cancer spreads far from where it started. These drugs, which are used to kill cancer cells, are usually given either intravenously or orally. The drug, which enters the bloodstream, circulates throughout the body and targets the existing cancer cells. Radiotherapy, targeted drugs (Anti-HER-2) and immunotherapy can also be used in the treatment of Stomach cancer. Depending on these treatments, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and hair loss may occur. However, a solution can be provided with supportive treatments.

No cancer is contagious. Cancer in many members of a family may be causing this misconception. The person cannot transmit cancer to anyone else. However, viruses are among the causes of some cancers such as cervix, liver cancer.

Colon cancer, that is known as large intestinal cancer and is one of the most life-threatening types of cancer, can be observed in men and women regardless of the sex.

Herbal remedies have no place in the treatment of liver cancer. You should never appeal to herbal treatment without asking the physician.

Scientific studies are going on for the administration of the lung cancer vaccine in the 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st stages. However, due to the many side effects of the vaccine, it seems much more difficult to use it in the 1st stage. It seems that it may be possible to treat especially third-stage lung cancer patients with vaccines.

Although idiopathic scoliosis is more common in the growing age (10-15 years), children should be checked for scoliosis at all ages. The Scoliosis Research Society recommends that girls be screened twice at the ages of 10 and 12 (grades 5 and 7), and boys be screened once at the age of 12 or 13 (grades 8 or 9).

After the operation, the type of tumour should be detected with a pathological process and the treatment protocol should be applied according to this. Taking care of the controls and medications after the operation is so vital. A balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fats should be embraced. Care and cleansing of wound is also important against infection risk.

Surgical intervention is recommended in the curvatures bigger than 70-75 degrees. On the other hand, some of the factors which affect the decision of surgery are the age of patient, whether the curvature harms the body and the extreme inclination of the body to one side. Surgical intervention is applied in progressive curvatures. Surgery is also recommended for the patients with congenital kyphosis. If no healing is obtained and severity of back-waist pains has increased as a result of non-surgical treatments, operation becomes inevitable.

Lumbar vertebrae displacement is not an obstacle for this.

Patients who undergo endoscopic lumbar disc herniation surgery usually have a shorter recovery time than patients who undergo lumbar disc herniation surgery using other surgical methods. After surgery, it is important to rest for a while, not lift heavily, strictly follow the doctor's recommendations, eat healthy, sleep regularly, and gradually increase physical activity. Check-ups in the specified periods should not be missed, movements that will strain the back must be avoided. However, even people with extremely active lives can return to the same pace after the recovery period after the surgery.

Yes, these two operations may be executed by examining the situation of the patient.

Yes. When you send us your photos, our experts will comment on the treatment or transplant method your hair needs.

Bariatric surgery will not have an obstructive result in terms of taste and pleasure that people will get from foods.

Rhinoplasty surgeries are generally not very painful surgeries. However, the most common misconception about rhinoplasty among the public is that rhinoplasty is painful. Because of the bruises and swellings that occur after the surgery, people believe that rhinoplasty operations are painful and troublesome operations. In the past, the rhinoplasty tampon relationship used to scare people. Problems experienced during tampon removal after rhinoplasty have been replaced by unbuffered rhinoplasty surgeries. Since the tampons used in the past were of a cotton structure, they would stick to the inside of the nose and cause bleeding. Silicone tampons used today do not cause such problems. Swelling and bruising after aesthetic nose surgery;

Technique used in surgery

Age, gender

It varies according to the patient's bone and cartilage structure.

From the point of view of the doctor, one of the most difficult operations in plastic surgery is rhinoplasty. Compared to other aesthetic operations, since the nose is an organ that can be seen and evaluated by everyone, its results can be seen and evaluated by everyone.

Technically speaking, rhinoplasty is a difficult plastic surgery. Differences in the skin, bone and cartilage structure of the person can complicate the surgeon's work. It is necessary to be more careful in patients with thin and delicate skin, bone and cartilage structure.

In cases where the nose skin is very thin, all kinds of technical errors can be easily noticed from the outside. Insufficiently supported cartilages can also cause asymmetries during the healing process.

Likewise, cosmetic surgeries of patients with thick skin are difficult. In patients with thick skin, beautiful aesthetic lines are less visible from the outside. The difficulty in rhinoplasty is due to the difference in the bone, cartilage and skin structure of the patient rather than the curvature of the nose or nasal bone.

The number of embryos to be transferred to patients is limited by the Ministry of Health to prevent multiple pregnancies. In women over 35 years of age, a maximum of 2 transfers and 1 transfer under 35 years of age are required. 2 transfers are allowed after the first 2 unsuccessful attempts under 35 years of age.

Increased embryos can be frozen upon the consent of the couples. Frozen embryos can be used by thawing if a possible negative result is obtained after IVF treatment or if a 2nd child is requested later. There is no difference in pregnancy rates between the transfer of frozen embryos and the first transfer.

The cases or heart attack and vascular diseases increase during winter. Coldness is a factor of spasm. When the cold is directly taken via chest or breathe, it causes a spasm. Especially in cold weather, it is important to wear warm clothes and have a scarf. Some medicines for flu which are increasingly taken during winter may cause rhythm disorder but it has not been seen that they cause a fatal effect yet. If there is an effect of the medication there should also be a side effect. But if any bounding pulse happens, the medication should be given up and a doctor should be consulted.

The most common types of a tummy tuck are:

• Standard tummy tuck
• Mini tummy tuck (mini abdominoplasty)
• Fleur-de-Lys abdominoplasty
• Peripheral tummy tuck

Breast reduction surgery does not cause cancer development. However, in patients with a family history of breast cancer and over the age of 40, the possibility of cancer should be ruled out with preoperative examinations such as mammography and ultrasound. Breast reduction surgeries should not be seen as a stand-alone measure to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, it is a fact that breast cancer tends to be located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Although the method to be applied is different according to the patient, it can be said that the reduction to be made to remove the upper outer quadrant theoretically reduces the risk of breast cancer.

The pain level varies by submuscular or supramuscular applications. Especially in submuscular applications, the pain is more. Some pain is expected after the surgery. However, these pains are mild pains that can be relieved with local anesthetics given during the surgery and painkillers given during hospitalization after the surgery.

Loose and sagging skin tightens after the procedure with laser liposuction.

Generally, it is aimed to perform the surgery using the breast's own tissue. However, breast prosthesis can be applied while lifting the breasts in people who are very saggy and want to become more prominent in the décolleté area.

Gleason score is a method used to grade prostate cancer. The degree of a cancer is determined by how much the cancer cells resemble normal cells. This gives an idea of the course of cancer and what treatment will be needed.

The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the course of the disease and select the appropriate treatment method as a result of the examination of the samples taken by prostate biopsy by the pathologist. Prostate cancer is given a Gleason score according to its microscopic appearance.

Cervical cancer is not hereditary. The presence of cervical cancer in a person's family does not pose a risk that that person will also have cervical cancer.

It is important to have a supporter during the treatment process. Especially on chemotherapy days, the presence of a supporter, paying attention to hygiene, should be prepared for the chemotherapy process by cutting short since the hair will fall out.

Breast cancer is out of the question. The frequency of appearance can be reduced by changing factors such as avoiding smoking and alcohol, eating healthy and exercising.

Breast cancer is out of the question. The frequency of appearance can be reduced by changing factors such as avoiding smoking and alcohol, eating healthy and exercising.

It is believed by experts that Mediterranean type of diet plays an important role in preventing colon cancer. According to the studies, excessive consumption of red meat can trigger colon cancer. According to Mediterranean type of diet, red meat consumption is reduced to a minimum and mainly vegetables are eaten. Eating fresh fruits and cooked vegetables in everyday life is part of this eating style.

Spread of liver cancer is divided into stages. These stages are listed as follows:

• In Stage I; There is only one tumor with any size that has not spread to the veins yet. Cancer has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant areas.
• In stage II; There is only one tumor with any size that has spread to the veins, or there are multiple tumors with 5 cm or smaller size. Cancer has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant areas.
• In stage III-A; There are more than one tumor, at least one of them is larger than 5 cm. Cancer has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant areas.
• In stage III-B; It can be stated that there is at least one tumor that has spread to main gate vein of the liver (portal or hepatic vein). Cancer has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant areas.
• In stage III-C; Tumor has spread to nearby organs (other than gallbladder) or to tissues lining the liver. It has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or remote areas.
• In stage IV-A; Tumors in the liver can have any size or number and can spread to vein or nearby organs. It has also spread to the lymph nodes. Cancer is not yet found in remote areas.
• In stage IV-B; Cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Tumor can have any size or number, and there is a possibility that it will spread to nearby lymph nodes or that it will not spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Robotic surgery can be applied in all types of lung cancer that are considered suitable for surgery.

Babies of parents with scoliosis should be examined from an early age. Follow-up should be done as the child grows.

This is another question mark for patients, since the symptoms may be confused with hernia of the loins and patients consult the same department, which is brain nerve and spinal cord surgery. The department to go for surgery of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour is same. Well-equipped hospitals should be chosen to minimize the potential problems during and after the operations.

It is recommended that those with lumbar vertebrae displacement should not do sports that strain the lower back such as weight lifting and wrestling. Since these sports will force the lower back and thus the displaced area, they can increase the pain due to lumbar vertebrae displacements and cause progression in lumbar vertebrae displacements. They can do almost any sport at various levels, except for these sports. It is recommended to consult to your doctor if pain occurs during or after sports.

Adhesions in the lower back can be seen after all operations. Adhesion can always be seen in the surgical field. There may also be adhesions in microsurgery, classical surgery, or endoscopic surgery. However, because the instruments used in endoscopic surgery are used in a very small area, there is less chance of adhesions.

Yes, Hepatitis B or C patients can have kidney transplant but it must be examined how far these diseases have affected the kidney negatively.

It has a 98% success rate.

The average hospital stay is 1-2 nights.

The septum is the part that divides the nasal cavity in two, consists of cartilage in the front and bone in the back, and is covered with a cover called mucous. Septum deviation, that is, this cartilage or bone part in the midline of the nose is tilted to one side, is one of the causes of breathing disorders. The curvature here can be anterior or posterior. Whichever side is curved, the passage on that side narrows and causes difficulty in breathing. Nasal concha and septum curvatures can be operated simultaneously with rhinoplasty by a plastic surgeon.

Although there is no obvious reason for couples in unexplained infertility, pregnancy does not occur. It is the patient group with the highest rate of pregnancy in IVF treatment. Sometimes the problem arises during the treatment. Poor-quality eggs and fertilization problems can only occur during and after the collecting the eggs and the microinjection process. 

Treatment started on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation ends after approximately 16-17 days later. Pregnancy test is performed in the blood by waiting 10-12 days after embryo transfer.

The most beneficial exercise for the heart is a quick walk. The exercises should be done without exhausting oneself so much. If the body is used to it, it is good to have a 45 minute walk daily. But if the exercise is to be done for the first time, exhausting the body will not be a true policy. The second important sport for heart health is swimming.

In standard tummy tuck surgery, an incision is made in the lower abdomen, extending from the area where the cesarean section was made, to the anterior protrusion of the pelvis on both sides. In addition, an incision is made around the navel and the abdominal skin is lifted over the abdominal muscles up to the level of the ribs. Following that, the sheaths of the abdominal muscles are tightened with stitches and the abdominal skin is pulled down and excess fat and skin are removed. The belly button is repositioned. Most of the time, liposuction is performed together with this surgery, and all anterior abdominal regions and side abdominal regions are thinned by removing fat.

In general, it is a safe surgery. Although slight swelling and bleeding may occur after the operation, these heal almost completely within 1 week. Moreover, there are 733 cases of breast cancer recorded so far in the world that have developed after an implant application. It was found that 481 of them were from a certain brand of implant. These implants have been discontinued and are not available today.

After the liposuction surgery, if the doctor deems it appropriate, you can go back to work after 1 week.

In breast lift operation, some breast tissue and excess skin should be removed. For this reason,   after breast lift   the  breast   can be reduced a little  . If the person wishes, enlargement can also be done.

It may take time to adapt to a new diet after Stomach surgeries. During this period, abdominal cramps can be experienced at an uncomfortable level. In general, after a 1-month period, oncological treatments can be taken during the recovery process after Stomach cancer surgery.

You should choose the sports that are suitable for you in daily life. For many people, sports are a regular and brisk walk. However, you can choose exercises that you can do with a group or alone, such as swimming, cycling, pilates, yoga.

Many types of liver cancer can be prevented by reducing the risk factors that are known to cause cancer formation. The most important risk factor for liver cancer is, of course, hepatitis B and C viruses. These viruses can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse or through jointly use of injection needle in cases such as drug use. It may be possible to protect yourself from liver cancer by using injection needle private to every person and using a condom during sexual intercourse. In addition, the vaccine for hepatitis B infection has been applied since 1980. Health Centers recommend that all children and adults are vaccinated to reduce the risk of liver cancer due to hepatitis. But there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. It is important to understand in order to take precautions how hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection occur. This is because these viruses can be transmitted through unprotected sex, an infected needle, and childbirth. In the past, blood transfusions were also one of main causes of hepatitis virus transmission. However, today, people who donate blood to blood banks are checked for hepatitis infection, and only healthy blood is stored in the banks. Therefore, the risk of transmission of the virus in this way is extremely low today.

Excessive alcohol consumption is main cause of cirrhosis that leads to liver cancer. Many patients with liver cancer have already been diagnosed with cirrhosis. There are some possible causes of cirrhosis. The most common causes are excessive alcohol consumption or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infections. Therefore, reducing the amount of alcohol consumption is an important step to prevent liver cancer.

The relationship between smoking and many types of cancer is known. However, it is difficult to detect the relationship between liver cancer and smoking. This is because people who smoke are also prone to alcohol consumption. Hence, the relationship between smoking and liver cancer is generally high among people who consume excessive alcohol or have viral hepatitis.

In addition, liver disease nonrelated to the alcohol occurs in people who consume little or do not drink alcohol. It is common in obese people. In further step, fatty liver disease can be pioneer to the development of cirrhosis. This is one of the risks of liver cancer. So, eliminating obesity is another important step to protect yourself from liver cancer.

It is known that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of liver cancer. Type 2 diabetes patients are usually obese, and this situation increases the possibility of development cancer. Briefly, protecting yourself from obesity and type 2 diabetes with a Healthy diet and lifestyle also means protecting yourself from liver cancer.

Some major hereditary metabolic diseases can lead to cirrhosis and indirectly to liver cancer. For example, iron absorption in foods is very high in hemochromatosis patients. An excess amount of iron accumulated in the liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, other diseases that are rare and increase the risk of liver cancer are listed as tyrosinemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, Wilson's disease.

Liver hemangioma is a benign (benign) mass in the liver and emerges when blood veins accumulate densely. It is also called liver hemangioma, hepatic hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. Most liver hemangiomas are discovered by chance during an imaging (eg ultrasound) to investigate another issue. People with liver hemangioma rarely experience symptoms and complaints and often do not need treatment. There is no evidence that untreated liver hemangioma can lead to liver cancer.

Liver hemangioma is a benign (benign) mass in the liver and emerges when blood veins accumulate densely. It is also called liver hemangioma, hepatic hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. Most liver hemangiomas are discovered by chance during an imaging (eg ultrasound) to investigate another issue. People with liver hemangioma rarely experience symptoms and complaints and often do not need treatment. There is no evidence that untreated liver hemangioma can lead to liver cancer.

Robotic surgery in lung cancer is an application technique that is considered a closed method. It is a surgery that removes the tumor in the lung with the help of “da Vinci” robot technology.

Currently, there is no commonly used genetic test available.

The healing process may vary depending on the type, location and the response of the patient. Generally speaking, patients may return their social life approximately 3 weeks after the operation.

Patients who have decided to have an operation for hernia, if they want to have an endoscopic hernia operation, should definitely prefer fully equipped centers with experienced doctors and teams. A comfortable operation and recovery process awaits the patient after the necessary tests are done before the surgery and it is determined that the patient is a suitable candidate for this surgery.

If everything is on track, it generally takes 4.5-6 hours in total.

Currently in our Bahçelievler hospital

Most patients can return to work within 2-3 weeks of surgery, but the time required varies with the individual and the type of work they do.

Rhinoplasty surgeries can be performed under general anesthesia as well as technically under local anesthesia. When rhinoplasty is performed with local anesthesia, it should be taken into account that being awake may cause different problems. The fact that the patient is restless, afraid and the surgeon does not feel comfortable reduces the quality of a fine surgery such as rhinoplasty. Performing rhinoplasty operations with general anesthesia is more comfortable for the patient and the surgeon.

Pregnancies with IVF method are now followed up as normal pregnancies. This can only be considered as a risk if there has been multiple pregnancy. Besides, as a general information, infertile couples have a higher risk of genetic anomaly compared to other members of the society. Therefore, the genetic problem and, of course, the risk of miscarriage will relatively be higher in the pregnancies that these couples will obtain, regardless of the way they have been obtained.

Strict rest after embryo transfer is not recommended. There is no evidence that resting increases the pregnancy rate. After embryo transfer, you can rest for 20 minutes and return to normal daily life. It would be appropriate to impose restrictions on sexual intercourse and performing works requiring high effort.

Differing from the other imaging methods, namely echocardiography and coronary tomography, the most distinctive feature of this method is its giving detailed information on tissue level. There is no other method which makes such an evaluation regarding the tissue of cardiac muscle. For example, when echocardiography is applied to a patient with cardiac insufficiency, only the existence and level of the coronary insufficiency is detected. On the other hand, having Cardiac MR gives significant info on the reason of cardiac insufficiency. The cardiac MR is the best method the answer the questions whether a coronary artery disease, congenital cardiac insufficiency or inflammation caused the cardiac insufficiently. Thanks to this, the diagnosis and treatment process of the patients are accelerated and this makes a tremendous contribution to the course of the disease.

While ensuring all these, another significant feature of this method is its’ not causing any radiation exposure.

The follow-up of the patients is also important besides the diagnosis and treatment of patients after starting the treatment process. For example, if the pre-bypass evaluation is made with cardiac Mr,

the amount of tissue which will potentially recover can be predicted. Cardiac Mr can be used to make detailed measurements and evaluation on tissue level.

In chemotherapy patients, some medications can cause a toxic effect on cardiac tissue Especially in the patient groups with low echocardiographic imaging quality, the heart functions can be tacked with MR. It is also important for the cancer patients because there is no radiation.

It can be investigated whether a permanent damage has remained after the treatment of myocarditis or cardiac attack with cardiac MR.

Besides, the cardiac muscle can also be affected as a result of some rheumatologic diseases. If there is any uptake and it is considered the cardiac insufficiency is caused by these diseases, the treatment can be altered completely. For this reason, cardiac MR provides a guidance regarding if there is any uptake in the heart in case of rheumatologic diseases.

The imaging quality of cardiac MR is far better than echocardiography. The volume, contraction strength and all the anatomy of the heart can be analysed in details. Especially the right ventricle has a tough shape like a funnel and while the detailed evaluation of the right ventricle is hard with echocardiography, the detailed volume and functional evaluation can be made easily with cardiac MR. Cardiac MR is one of the diagnosis methods which are written on the handbooks regarding the cardiac disease which is hand in hand with rhythm disorders that may threaten life, called as arithmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).

Because it gives the advance level info of an alteration of ligament in cardiac muscle and a possible rhythm disorder, in some genetic diseases like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which develops with the thickening of cardiac muscle, it is needed to be taken in these patients in any case. Besides, because this disease has a genetic transition named as “autosomal dominant”, if there is any ambiguous situation or a suspicion of an early stage disease as a result of the electrocardiography of the family members, also taking the cardiac MR of the family members can be thought for a detailed and tissue-level evaluation. During the intra cardiac mass evaluation, it provides detailed info on the type and spread of the mass.

Cardiac MR is frequently used because it provides info on the anatomic, volume and hemodynamic of the congenital cardiac diseases. It is also preferred in the decision of the type of operation and the routine controls because it is radiation free, there is an opportunity for hemodynamic evaluation and it provides detailed imaging.

If the area called "quince belly" is full in the underbelly region, the incisions are shorter and a more limited operation is performed that does not require the replacement of the belly button. Again, in this surgery, the abdominal wall is supported with strong sutures from the inside to tighten the sheaths of the muscles and the swelling is removed.

The growth of breast tissue in men more than it should be due to hormonal or food intake is called “gynecomastia”. While gynecomastia occurs in everyone during adolescence, it does not regress in 10-15% of patients in advanced ages and becomes permanent. It usually occurs with an excess of estrogen. Therefore, first, an endocrine examination is recommended. In addition, an increase in breast size may occur in men due to various medications, diet, habits and diseases.

It is not a dangerous situation, but since the breast volume increases, it slightly increases the risk of breast cancer in men. On the other hand, this growth, which is quite common, is usually benign. However, this situation causes an aesthetically bad appearance in the pool, sea or when wearing tight clothes, while on the other hand, it can cause a serious self-confidence problem in men.

Provided that there is no medical necessity, breast augmentation surgeries can be performed on anyone over the age of 18. It is a method that can be easily applied in advanced ages if the patient does not have health problems such as blood pressure or diabetes.

It is usually after six weeks that the swelling in the tissue disappears and the body takes its form after the procedure. If this period is spent with diet and exercise, the result will be extremely successful.

If a breast lift operation is planned, it should be known that there will be swelling, sagging and deformation in the breast tissue if there will be a pregnancy process after the operation. It is recommended that the breast lift procedure be planned at the appropriate time after pregnancy.

Exercise strengthens the immune system and helps you keep your weight under control. Breast cancer risk may be reduced in a woman who exercises for three hours a week or less than 30 minutes a day.

Liver cancers can be benign (benign, non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body) and malignant (malignant and can spread to other organs). Malignant metastatic liver tumors can spread to various areas, including colon, lung, breast, stomach, and pancreas.

Many types of liver cancer can be prevented by reducing the risk factors that are known to cause cancer formation. The most important risk factor for liver cancer is, of course, hepatitis B and C viruses. These viruses can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse or through jointly use of injection needle in cases such as drug use. It may be possible to protect yourself from liver cancer by using injection needle private to every person and using a condom during sexual intercourse. In addition, the vaccine for hepatitis B infection has been applied since 1980. Health Centers recommend that all children and adults are vaccinated to reduce the risk of liver cancer due to hepatitis. But there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. It is important to understand in order to take precautions how hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection occur. This is because these viruses can be transmitted through unprotected sex, an infected needle, and childbirth. In the past, blood transfusions were also one of main causes of hepatitis virus transmission. However, today, people who donate blood to blood banks are checked for hepatitis infection, and only healthy blood is stored in the banks. Therefore, the risk of transmission of the virus in this way is extremely low today.

Excessive alcohol consumption is main cause of cirrhosis that leads to liver cancer. Many patients with liver cancer have already been diagnosed with cirrhosis. There are some possible causes of cirrhosis. The most common causes are excessive alcohol consumption or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infections. Therefore, reducing the amount of alcohol consumption is an important step to prevent liver cancer.

The relationship between smoking and many types of cancer is known. However, it is difficult to detect the relationship between liver cancer and smoking. This is because people who smoke are also prone to alcohol consumption. Hence, the relationship between smoking and liver cancer is generally high among people who consume excessive alcohol or have viral hepatitis.

In addition, liver disease nonrelated to the alcohol occurs in people who consume little or do not drink alcohol. It is common in obese people. In further step, fatty liver disease can be pioneer to the development of cirrhosis. This is one of the risks of liver cancer. So, eliminating obesity is another important step to protect yourself from liver cancer.

It is known that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of liver cancer. Type 2 diabetes patients are usually obese, and this situation increases the possibility of development cancer. Briefly, protecting yourself from obesity and type 2 diabetes with a Healthy diet and lifestyle also means protecting yourself from liver cancer.

Some major hereditary metabolic diseases can lead to cirrhosis and indirectly to liver cancer. For example, iron absorption in foods is very high in hemochromatosis patients. An excess amount of iron accumulated in the liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, other diseases that are rare and increase the risk of liver cancer are listed as tyrosinemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, Wilson's disease.

Robotic surgery is technically more advantageous than the open and closed method. These advantages can be listed as follows:

• Robot arms can apply a person's hand and wrist movements in an instant. This provides great convenience to the surgeon. Particularly in narrow areas, it allows the vessels to turn more easily and the structures behind the bronchi or lymph nodes to be seen more clearly.
• The extraordinary precision of robotic surgery and its highly maneuverable “wrists” that can rotate 540 degrees are ideal for resecting (removing) necessary lung tissues and cutting lymph nodes.
• Since the surgeon who performs the operation can control not only the arms but also the camera very easily on the console where she/he sits, she/he can see the areas she wants much more clearly, at the desired angle and size. This is an advantage that makes the surgeon very comfortable.
• The camera used in robotic surgery provides 3D and high resolution images. However, since this camera is dual-eye, it realistically reflects the sense of depth.
• Robotic lung cancer surgery also allows the surgeon to view lung structures from the front of the chest wall; this is a procedure which is so similar to open surgery.
• The risk of bleeding is less in lung cancer surgeries performed with robotic surgery.
• The length of hospitalisation period and possible complication rates decrease.
• Surgery pain is less.
• The patient can return to his daily life more easily.

Untreated scoliosis can negatively affect the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. Heart and lung development may be impaired, and heart failure and lung problems may occur in the future.

Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours are generally metastasis tumours which are caused by another type of cancer. The situations may vary according to the response of patients. Losing the patient is possible in brain tumours if it metastases rapidly but spinal cord tumours are different in this respect. If the spinal cord tumour is located in brain, heart or an area close to the respiratory centre, there may be a fatal risk. Apart from this, spinal cord tumours do not cause death but may lead to paralysis if they did not have treatment in time. Patients may continue their life with the tumour but face the risk of not being able to use their limbs and chest down or waist down paralysis.

Hair transplant surgery is a team effort including expert doctors, nurses, and anesthesia technicians.

You will be informed about the progress of the diet after the surgery. In the beginning, a clear liquid diet is applied to the patients, but three months after the surgery, the variety of the diet can be increased and foods from all food groups can be consumed.

Rhinoplasty is an operation that is applied both visually and in terms of health. In general, aesthetic nose surgeries are performed because the nose shape is unappealing. Apart from this, nasal aesthetic surgeries are also performed to correct the deformity that develops due to trauma. Nasal aesthetics can be performed to address issues such as an arched nose, a long nose, a low nasal tip, nostril size, or asymmetry.

The risk of ectopic pregnancy is seen in 2 out of 100 pregnancies in normal pregnancies. In IVF treatments, this risk increases slightly. The reason for the slightly higher risk of ectopic pregnancy in these couples is the presence of causes that lead to infertility, such as damaged tubes of women.

Yes, normally, gender selection can be made by genetic examination after IVF treatment. However, it is legally prohibited to choose gender in Turkey as stated in the IVF Regulation. Therefore, genetic examination is not performed for gender selection. In our country, gender selection can only be made in presence of genetic diseases carried by the gender chromosome.

It takes approximately 50-60 minutes.

These are wider and more severe surgeries performed in cases where the skin sagging is too much in cases where excess weight is lost after bariatric surgery. In tummy tuck surgery, excess skin is removed by pulling it from top to bottom. However, this procedure is not sufficient to remove the excess skin and adipose tissue to the sides in patients with excessive sagging and looseness. In this case, two more right-left incisions are made in the middle of the abdomen, extending from top to bottom, and the excess tissues in the middle of these incisions are also removed. Thus, at the end of the surgery, in addition to the lateral suture area in the lower abdomen, there is a second suture line extending from top to bottom in the abdomen. A peripheral tummy tuck (belt lipectomy) is a more comprehensive type of surgery performed in such patients where excess tissue is not limited to the abdominal region but continues towards the waist.

Female type breast enlargement in men usually develops structurally. The answer to the question of "Who will develop gynecomastia?" is usually explained by hormonal reasons. While there may not be an underlying cause, gynecomastia is more common in young people, especially recently due to factors such as pesticides as well as hormonal foods. Apart from this, there may be reasons such as cortisone, steroid use, excessive alcohol consumption or liver diseases. Gynecomastia, which expresses the excessive growth of the breast in men, can sometimes cause pain and sometimes serious psychological disorders. Although the reason is often not known exactly, Gynecomastia usually occurs as a result of an underlying hormonal imbalance such as a deterioration in the estrogen-androgen ratio. This situation can be seen in certain periods of life or some diseases can cause gynecomastia. Diseases of the adrenal gland and liver, pituitary tumors, thyroid disorders, and kidney failure can cause this picture. It can also be seen in adrenal glands, pituitary and testicular tumors, and lung cancer diseases. On the other hand, some drugs and narcotic substances can also be effective in the emergence of gynecomastia.

Today apart from disease conditions such as breast cancer or the application demand from different anatomical areas, the usage area of liquid-filled (saline) prostheses has decreased. Today, silicone implants are preferred because there is a possibility of bursting with the blows taken from the outside of saline prostheses and they can leak liquid.

In general, overweight patients who want to have liposuction should do a regular diet and sports first, and then consider having liposuction for the fat they cannot lose. Patients whose height/weight ratio is close to each other should make some effort to reduce the difference. Liposuction is not as easy as it seems; whether it's for aesthetic purposes or not, it's a surgery, after all. For this reason, patients with weight problems should first make an effort for general weight loss, with a suitable diet and by placing exercises among their daily activities.

Our ideal patient group is not generalized to patients with obesity but patients with local adiposity, but if they do not have systemic diseases, they can be subjected to a liposuction procedure divided into two or three sessions with careful planning. Of course, at the end of this process, their meal plan should not be at the same pace. Otherwise, neighboring cells occupying the place of the removed cells may form a similar fat mass in the same place.

Breast lift is recommended to be done when the weight loss process is completed.

Some patients are treated with execution of liver transplantation if possible. For example, if the tumor is too large to be safely removed, if the tumor is in a part of the liver where makes its removal difficult, if there are multiple tumors, or if the parts of the liver outside the tumor are also unhealthy because of reasons such as cirrhosis, transplantation is required.

Liver cancers can be benign (benign, non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body) and malignant (malignant and can spread to other organs). Malignant metastatic liver tumors can spread to various areas, including colon, lung, breast, stomach, and pancreas.

Early diagnosis of scoliosis is very important. In mild curvatures, the disease can be prevented by taking various measures. In severe scoliosis, complete recovery can be achieved with surgical treatment.

The tumours developed within the spinal cord do not metastasize generally. In some brain tumours of childhood are on the way of spinal fluid, a tumour flow may happen towards the spinal cord. But generally speaking, they do not metastasize.

Yes, we have. If the hair transplanted during our procedure does not grow, we will transplant it again.

Sports can be done as soon as you are discharged after Bariatric surgery. It is a minimum of 40 minutes of non-stop walking at a speed of 4 km/h at the beginning. From the 15th day after the surgery, sports such as pilates, yoga, and swimming can be added. Running can be added. However, martial sports, heavy sports such as weight sports should generally be done after the end of the 2nd month. Because obesity means the accumulation of fat all over the body. This accumulation of fat includes the heart, lungs, and inside of the abdomen. Overloading the heart in the early period can lead to rhythm disturbances in the heart. Doing heavy sports immediately after the surgery causes problems in the joint. For this reason, it is important to follow the above schedule.

The person who will have rhinoplasty usually makes a choice between a plastic surgeon and an otolaryngologist. Although functional surgery of the nose seems to be in the field of otolaryngologist and nasal aesthetics is in the field of plastic surgery, it can be performed by experienced surgeons from both branches. The patient who decides to have rhinoplasty should give an idea about what he/she wants to change in her nose, and the doctor should give the patient an idea about what he/she can change. In this regard, the physician should use the available technological 2D and 3D visual tools to show the patient how the post-operative appearance will be approximately. A plastic surgeon can also solve problems with breathing in the nose. Nose aesthetics is more complex than functional surgeries. Both branches can handle both procedures. Here, the patient's preference is important.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGT) is a diagnostic method recommended for couples under the risk of a serious genetic disease in their children. In the embryos of couples carrying some genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and thalassemia, the disease can be diagnosed and the embryo can be eliminated by this way without pregnancy and termination of pregnancy thanks to PGT. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis offers an alternative pathway not only for couples with such genetic disease risks, but also for couples who cannot produce a healthy pregnancy due to recurrent miscarriages caused by structural chromosome disorders (e.g. translocation, inversion, etc.).

No, there is no difference between pregnancy obtained in the normal way and pregnancy obtained after IVF application.

f the kidney functions of the patients are disordered, the process of dehydration (giving serum from the veins) is made or some precautions are taken for this situation. People with kidney problems should inform the physician before the cardiac MR. As a rule, the levels of creatinine are controlled before cardiac MR. If the patient has any creatinine result in the recent period, then it is not requested again, but if not, the creatinine in blood should be controlled.

Abdominoplasty revision simply refers to secondary abdominoplasty surgery.

First, correct diagnosis and determination of suitable patients are very important for the realization of this surgery. Physical examination alone may be sufficient for the diagnosis of this problem. However, in new cases, in case of breast pain or tenderness, liver, kidney and thyroid function tests, some blood tests for hormone levels, mammography or ultrasonographic examination are required.

With surgery, it is aimed to remove the overgrown breast tissue and to give the breast a normal appearance. After the examination and tests performed by the gynecomastia specialist, the method and technique of the surgery are determined according to the condition and stage of the gynecomastia.

Correction of gynecomastia is done surgically or by liposuction. In general, low and moderate sagging benefits from liposuction. Small incisions of about half a centimeter are made. The fat is removed with a cannula or needle-like devices. However, if the tissue under the nipple is above a certain size or if there is severe sagging, surgery may be required. An incision of 1-1.5 cm is made under the breast. The breast tissue inside is taken through that incision. If the breast tissue is too large, the entire breast tissue can be removed by removing the skin around the nipple.

If there is a lot of fat tissue in the breast, liposuction is usually sufficient. In these operations, laser liposuction is more preferred because it leaves few scars and the recovery time is short. In the procedures performed with laser liposuction, after the fat removal, the skin base is heated with the laser to create a tightening effect on the skin.

In cases where the breast tissue is in the foreground compared to adipose tissue, liposuction alone is not sufficient. In such cases, in addition to liposuction, a small semi-circular incision is made from the nipple and the breast tissue is removed. In such mixed operations, the scar of the operation is very small.

In some cases of gynecomastia, excess skin becomes very prominent, and the breast size of these people can be almost as large as the female breast. In such cases, open surgery is required. As a result of the operation, as in breast reduction surgery in women, a lollipop or an inverted T-shaped scar can be left.

“Does gynecomastia surgery hurt?” is one of the most frequently asked questions about this surgery. Gynecomastia surgeries are performed under general anesthesia and the patient does not feel any pain or ache. After the operation, which takes an average of one hour, patients are discharged either on the same day or the next day. While a drain is not usually inserted in liposuction or operations performed with small incisions, it is inserted in open surgeries. Mild pain experienced after the surgery is eliminated with painkillers, and at the end of the fifth day, the patient is allowed to take a bath.

It will be sufficient to take the classical precautions before each surgery. Particularly blood thinners should be avoided. In cases where mandatory drug treatment is taken, it is important to consult with your doctor before the procedure.

Laser liposuction is performed in Memorial Health Group.

Breast lift is recommended after the age of 18.

Cirrhosis refers to the deterioration and damage of liver cells for various reasons. Many liver cancer patients have been diagnosed with cirrhosis in the past. However, all of them has been diagnosed. For this reason, cirrhosis certainly does not mean that you will have liver cancer, but it means that the risk is high.

Some patients are treated with execution of liver transplantation if possible. For example, if the tumor is too large to be safely removed, if the tumor is in a part of the liver where makes its removal difficult, if there are multiple tumors, or if the parts of the liver outside the tumor are also unhealthy because of reasons such as cirrhosis, transplantation is required.

The initial symptoms of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour are either pain or weakness in a leg. The problem may spread over both the legs if not treated properly.

Yes. English and German.

It is possible to get pregnant at the end of the first year if sleeve gastrectomy was performed, and from the 18th month if a more complex operation was performed. It is the same in men so that obesity does not pass from father to child epigenetically, men should wait the same time.

'Uç' means tip. Surgery involving the tip of the nose is called "tip plasty". In general, tip plasty surgery is performed with minimal trauma to the nose. There is no interference with the bones in any way. Tip plasty is applied only to patients with problems at the tip of the nose. So it is not a surgical method. Aesthetic treatment is applied only on the 1 cm part of the nose from the tip. Nasal tip aesthetics is an operation in which the cartilage at the tip of the nose is shaped. By shaping the cartilages at the tip of the nose, the angle of the nose and lips can be increased or decreased. The tip of the nose can be thinned. While performing nasal tip aesthetics, the nostrils can also be intervened. This procedure is a preferred method for patients who do not have a nasal hump, but have a low nose tip, have problems with their nostrils, or have a very wide nose tip.

Since urinary pregnancy tests are sensitive to a certain hormone level, they may give false negative results in early pregnancy. (For example, if the test is sensitive up to a value of 100, it will give negative results by mistake when the value is 25 in the early period) In addition, visual results can sometimes be misinterpreted. For these reasons, the pregnancy test will give the healthiest result in the blood to be performed 10-12 days after the embryo transfer according to the physician's habit in IVF treatment. In normal pregnancy, detection of pregnancy hormone in the blood may occur at the earliest 2 weeks after the intercourse.

In addition, another important information is that the blood pregnancy test will increase approximately 2 times when followed up at 2-day intervals in a healthy pregnancy at the early stages. Afterwards, when this value reaches a value such as 2000, pregnancy becomes visible in ultrasonography for us.

In assisted reproduction method of IVF, nutritional order is very important. The reason is that in order for the treatment to be successful, it is necessary to have a healthy body. In case of smoking habit, quitting smoking should be a primary measure. Again, being at ideal weight before pregnancy is one of the factors affecting the success rate. Regular protein-rich food consumption should be considered (3 times a week). Daily water consumption is recommended to be around 2-3 lt. The consumption amount of dried legumes such as chickpeas and beans should be increased. If tea and coffee consumption is high, restrictions can be imposed (2-3 cups a day). Acidic beverages should be avoided. Foods rich in folic acid and folic acid should be consumed.

In addition, pre-treatment with other metabolic problems (thyroid, insulin resistance, diabetes etc.) before IVF treatment can positively affect both the chance of success and the healthy pregnancy.

As mentioned above, cardiac Mr does not have any side effects other than the possibility of allergy to the contrast substance which is to be given during the process and advancement of the kidney disease if no precaution is taken in some kidney patients.

The purpose of tummy tuck surgery is not to lose weight; however, of course, depending on the size of the removed fat and skin tissue, there will be a small amount of weight loss.

With this procedure, the discomforting breast appearance is also eliminated. More aesthetic chest lines appear and the chest muscles that are worked below become prominent. Men who have lost self-confidence due to gynecomastia feel much better after this operation. This situation has positive reflections on their business and social lives.

Breast augmentation can treat mild sagging without the need for a breast lift. Depending on the location of the excess in the breast volume and the condition of the nipple, the need for lifting should be decided before the surgery.

In Antalya Hospital, liposuction can be performed in 2 different ways, laser and normal liposuction.

After breast lift surgeries, special surgical bras are worn by each patient and it is recommended that patients use this bra for about 1 month. Then, with the recommendation of the doctor, normal bras can be worn. Some features should be considered in bra selection. The cup size should also be large enough to cover the breasts. It should not squeeze the person too much, pull the breast upwards or press it inward. It may be underwire, but supportive bras should not be used.

Although liver cancer is not hereditary in itself, some major hereditary metabolic diseases can lead to cirrhosis and indirectly liver cancer. For example, iron absorption in foods is very high in hemochromatosis patients. An excess amount of iron accumulated in the liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, other diseases that are rare and increase the risk of liver cancer are listed as tyrosinemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, Wilson's disease.

Cirrhosis refers to the deterioration and damage of liver cells for various reasons. Many liver cancer patients have been diagnosed with cirrhosis in the past. However, all of them has been diagnosed. For this reason, cirrhosis certainly does not mean that you will have liver cancer, but it means that the risk is high.

The complaints are generally about the location the tumour is involved, so they do not cause headache.

By calling the Memorial Call Center, you can easily make an appointment.

Normally, hair does not fall out after Bariatric Surgery. However, since the amount of fat under the skin decreases and the skin becomes thinner, the hair follicles remain outside and become weak. Therefore, hair falls out. To prevent this, hair continuity is provided with various vitamin supplements after weight loss occurs. Biotin, selenium, zinc, and copper will be your biggest supporters.

In general, rhinoplasty techniques are classified as either open technique or closed technique surgery. Depending on the circumstances, open and closed techniques have advantages and disadvantages.

Termination of pregnancy by abortion does not pose a problem in terms of being able to conceive again if there are no complications (such as fragmentation, infection, adhesion) during or after the procedure.

However, it may sometimes be necessary to investigate whether the couple is genetically normal before a new trial, especially in early pregnancy losses. It should be kept in mind that the result can be obtained in 2-3 weeks when asked for genetic testing from the couple.

Some hormone tests (such as FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone) are performed on certain days of menstruation (2nd, 3rd or 21st day). Others do not have day restrictions. Only some of them may require hunger.

If there is no indication in the patient, there is no need to have it regularly. On the other hand if the patient has a disease like cardiac insufficiency, valve disease, congenital cardiac disease or aortic widening which necessitate follow-up, there patients may be recommended to have cardiac MR follow up and evaluation. Especially in the patients with aortic widening and the ones who need to have an annual or semi-annual follow up, doing the follow up with cardiac MR instead of computed tomography will eliminate the exposure to radiation.

The scars of the surgery are primarily more pink in color and obvious during the first few months. It may take approximately 1 year for this color to return to the normal skin color.

All men with existing sagging or very large breast tissue can be candidates for this surgery.

There is no problem with breastfeeding after breast augmentation surgery. Since the breast tissue is not removed during breast augmentation surgery, there is no risk of damage to the mammary ducts. Therefore, after breast augmentation surgery, women can breastfeed their babies without any problems.

Laser liposuction is performed in Bahçelievler, Ataşehir, Ankara, Kayseri and Antalya Hospitals.

People with a higher body mass index (BMI) usually have larger breast volume than people with a lower body mass index (BMI). This can cause sagging due to the weight of the breast. Before a breast lift surgery, it is important for the patient to reach the ideal weight according to their body type.

Although liver cancer is not hereditary in itself, some major hereditary metabolic diseases can lead to cirrhosis and indirectly liver cancer. For example, iron absorption in foods is very high in hemochromatosis patients. An excess amount of iron accumulated in the liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, other diseases that are rare and increase the risk of liver cancer are listed as tyrosinemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, Wilson's disease.

Similar with the other cancers, advancement of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour consists of 4 stages.

1. Sapphire Fue
2. DHI
3. Unshaven Hair Transplant
4. Hair Transplantation in Women
5. Eyebrow Transplantation
6. Beard Transplantation

The Sapphire Fue method involves taking hair follicles one by one with personal microsurgical instruments from the donor area at the back of the head, which is coded not to lose and transplanting them to the area to be transplanted by opening a channel with sapphire silit according to the person's hair angle and direction.

The hair follicles from the donor area are directly inserted into the planting area without opening the canal with Choi pens in the DHI method.

Unshaven hair transplant is used for people whose number of grafts in the area to be transplanted is 2000 grafts or less. It is a procedure in which the hair follicles are transplanted for the purpose of tightening without opening a window in the donor area and shaving in the transplanted area.

In women, hair transplantation can be performed using the Sapphire Fue and Dhi methods depending on the type of hair loss and bald spot.

Eyebrow transplantation is a procedure for restoring the appearance of the brows events following such as permanent hair loss, a genetically thin eyebrow structure, or a burn or accident. Again, the hair follicles are taken one by one with surgical instruments from the donor area at the back of the head and transplanted according to the angle of emergence and the direction of the eyebrow, resulting in a natural look.

Beard transplantation uses microsurgical instruments to remove hair follicles from the donor area and transplant them individually to correct problems such as sparse beard and moustache structure or permanent scars after an accident, burn or wound.

You will regain your health after the surgery. Every healthy person has the right to make changes in his/her body. So there will be a period when you will decide how you want to contribute to yourself.

Non-surgical rhinoplasty presents some problems in itself. The most commonly used methods in non-surgical rhinoplasty are as follows.

• Nose filler

It is a non-surgical rhinoplasty method that can be applied to inconspicuous nasal humps.  Although it seems to be an advantage for patients who do not want to have surgery, its effects are not permanent. In cases with a nasal hump, filling the nasal root with filler material can make the nose appear flatter, and filling applications can be made in irregularities on the tip or back of the nose. Complications related to filling materials are among the risks of this technique, which should be shared with the patient. Although the reliability of the filling materials used today is better than in the past, the risks and surgical complications that may be encountered are not to be underestimated.

• Nose tip botox

Botox can be applied intramuscularly to the tip of the nose, which is the junction area with the lip. As the muscle relaxes with the effect of botox, a relatively high elevation is achieved at the tip of the nose. As with nasal botox, its effect is short-lived, but its applicability for each patient and its results in terms of patient satisfaction are at the discretion of the individual.

• Nose tip lift with thread

It is a procedure applied with the stitching thread used in the operations. As with other applications, I personally doubt that it provides long-lasting permanence.

The first step in IVF treatment is to prepare the woman. The expectant mother can be prepared in two ways; the first is the long protocol, which starts on the 21st day of the menstruation and whereby eggs are collected within approximately 3-3.5 weeks, and the second is the short (antagonist) protocol, which starts on the 2nd-3rd day of the menstrual cycle and whereby the eggs are collected within approximately 10-12 days.

The transfer of the embryos obtained by this way into the uterus is done either fresh (in the same period as the egg collection) or freezing-thawing (first freezing and storing the embryos and then placing them in another period deemed appropriate by the physician) depending on the special conditions of the patient and the habits of the physician.

In such a case, no final decision should be made with a single analysis. Confirmation should be provided with a second analysis after 3 weeks, if the same or close result is obtained, the necessary information should be obtained by researching with genetic and hormone tests or testicular ultrasonography. Afterwards, if necessary, the patient should be consulted with an andrologist-urologist.

If there is no sperm in the sample, it is possible to obtain sperm from the testicle by the surgical method called micro body. Preferably, when the woman's eggs are ready simultaneously, the surgical procedure microTESE is planned first, and after the sperm is obtained, in vitro fertilization is performed by collecting the eggs. However, sometimes the microTESE operation can be performed before the female partner is prepared for diagnosis, if sperm is found, it can be frozen and stored and then the female can be prepared.

Contrast substance is given in cardiac MR. There are some cases named as late or early gadolinium uptake. In case of the early uptake, it is controlled whether there is a blood clot or microvascular obstruction in heart. In case of the late gadolinium phase, it is needed to give contrast to see if there is any ligament alteration in the muscle tissue of heart, named as myocardia. If no contrast substance is given, it is not possible to see the alteration of ligaments in cardiac muscles, localization or amount of the dead heart cells.

Usually, 3 days is enough for the incision to heal enough to take a shower. There is no need for suture removal as hidden sutures are often placed in the surgery.

A criterion is that the nipple drooping to go below a certain size. Reaching 200-300 cc of breast tissue, which should be between 50-100 cc in volume, is a sufficient criterion for gynecomastia aesthetics.

4 different methods are used in liposuction. Wet technique, laser and vaser liposuction procedures are performed in our group.

Wet technique -tumescent liposuction

This is the most common type of liposuction. The surgeon injects a mixture of a sterile solution—saline to help remove fat, an anesthetic to relieve pain—and a medication that causes blood vessels to constrict to the treated area. The liquid mixture causes swelling and hardening of the affected area.

The surgeon then makes small incisions in your skin and inserts a thin tube called a cannula under your skin. The cannula is connected to a vacuum that absorbs fat and fluids from your body. Your body fluid may be replenished through an intravenous line.

Laser assisted liposuction

This technique uses high-intensity laser light to break up fat to remove it. During LAL, the surgeon inserts a laser fiber through a small incision in the skin and emulsifies the fat deposits. The fat is then removed through a cannula.

Ultrasound assisted liposuction – Vaser liposuction

This type of liposuction is sometimes used in conjunction with traditional liposuction. During UAL, the surgeon places a metal rod that emits ultrasonic energy under your skin. This ruptures the fat cell walls and breaks up the fat for easier removal. The next-generation UAL, called VASER-assisted liposuction, uses a device that can improve skin contour and reduce the likelihood of skin injuries.

Power assisted liposuction

This type of liposuction uses a fast-moving cannula. This vibration allows the surgeon to remove hard fat more easily and faster. PAL can sometimes cause less pain and swelling and allow the surgeon to remove the fat more precisely. Your surgeon may choose this technique if a large amount of fat needs to be removed or if you have had a previous liposuction procedure.

Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumours may cause paralysis either in time if not treated earlier, or suddenly if they developed spontaneously. The paralysis may be chest down of waist down according to the area the tumour is located.

Which method is more suitable for a doctor should evaluate you. Not every method is suitable for every person. It is also performed by combining Sapphire Fue and DHI in some cases. Depending on the type of hair loss, the structure of the donor area, and the number of grafts to be transplanted, the specialist will determine the best method.

Vitamin and mineral supplements recommended by endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism diseases, and nutritionists should be taken.

After the embryo transfer, the attachment to the uterine wall will occur within 1-5 days, particularly on the 5th day (blastocyst). Considering the egg collection day, it can be said that it will occur within the next 6-10 days. In other words, the embryo will be attached on the 10th day after egg collection if the transfer is achieved. 

There may be vaginal bleeding after embryo transfer for 2 main reasons, the first of which may be trauma during the embryo transfer, that is, bleeding due to irritation during the passage of the catheter through the cervix (in particular in difficult transfers). The second is the bleeding, which occurs during attachment of the full embryo and is called implantation bleeding in medicine. However, both of these are short-term and small amounts of bleeding in the form of light spotting.

When a successful imaging is executed with coronary ct angiography, a high level imaging can be obtained nearly like in case of angiography. Besides, while it is only possible to see the inner part of the veins via angio, also the vein wall of the patient can be seen in coronary ct angiography. In this way, the structure of plaques in the veins can be analysed. Plaque ingredients analysis is important because the prevalence and character of the plaques gives insight about the risk group of the patient. The treatment is planned according to all these evaluations. Sometimes the effort test result can be normal even if the patients are in a high risk group. So if the physician evaluates the patient in high risk group, coronary ct angiography is recommended and sometimes critical narrowness cases can be uncovered in this method. In the patients whose vein narrowness does not indicate any critical condition with intermediate or light plaques, the medication therapy is started or the existing medication therapy is regulated. Besides, coronary ct angio is applied on the patients with an existing cardiac disease to see the course of the disease and whether there are any additional problems. Coronary ct angiography is not recommended in the patients with the micro stents, but if the sizes of stents are suitable, the intra stent narrowness can be checked via coronary ct angiography.

Coronary ct angiography is also used to measure the calcium amount in the completely blocked veins, plan the road of the wires which will be used during the application and determine the treatment strategy. It also bears importance as a guide during the hard applications. It only takes

5-6 minutes and the total process is 40 minutes with the processes like informing the patient, opening the vascular access, giving the necessary medication and executing the application.

The advantages of coronary CT angiography are:

1. The imaging quality is quite enhanced.
2. It is preferred frequently because it gives the image with high resolution. It gives advanced level info regarding the complicated and simple congenital heart diseases, anatomic and vascular connections.
3. It does not cause any disturbances in patients because 5-7 minutes is enough for imaging and there is no noise problem unlike MR.
4. No pain is felt during and after the process.
5. It can be safely applied on the persons with previous bypass operations or the ones with unknown coronary artery diseases previously. Also the detailed info on the coronary anatomy and levels of narrowness can be learned via this application.

On which patients should the coronary tomography/coronary BT angiography not be applied?

Because contrast substance is used during the process, the application should be decided after a pre-evaluation by the doctor of the patients and the department of Nephrology. Coronary CT will not give optimum results on the patients with minimal stents. If tomography is needed for the patients who should not take radiation, the imaging is executed while takin precautions for the minimum radiation dose. Apart from this, the process can be applied on all the patients.

After tummy tuck surgery, a period of 6-8 weeks is sufficient to go back to normal working life.

There is a legal age limit of 18. There is no upper age limit.

A supportive physical therapy may be applied and give positive results if any function loss happened in hands and legs after operation.

Anyone, male or female, who has completed their physical development, has hair loss of 50-60% or more in the existing hair tissue and does not have a disease that inhibits hair transplantation can have hair transplantation.

Surgery can usually be performed between the ages of 18-60. However, surgery can be performed in children with the adolescence period.

Not only the tip of the nose can be lifted, but also operations such as reducing the wide nose tip can be performed. In such procedures, in which the nasal ridge is not intervened, the height of the nose tip, lip angle and the shape of the nose tip are corrected.

There is no difference between frozen embryo transfer and fresh transfer in terms of pregnancy rate. In some cases, embryo transfer with freezing-thawing can positively affect the pregnancy rates.

There are some risks and side effects at every stage of IVF treatment, even if they are small. The side effects of the medications applied are tolerable and temporary. Although it is very rare, pelvic infection may develop after the egg collection process. This problem can also be corrected by antibiotic treatments. There may be bleeding in the ovaries. These bleeds are not much. In very rare cases, it may be necessary to intervene for bleeding. However, it is not a serious risk.

Hyperstimulation (excessive ovarian response) problem, which is the most important risk known, no longer occurs with the new treatment protocols and experienced physicians.

For the patients with kidney problems, liquid intake may be needed before and after the process. The patients with no detected cardiac insufficiency are urged to take 2-2.5 litres of water in any case. This enables the discharge of the contrast substance from body easily. The patients must not stand up suddenly after the process. They are requested to sit a while and then the pulse and blood pressure is controlled. The patients are kept under control for immediate intervention in the cases of dizziness, low blood pressure etc. Then the reporting process may take 1-2 days.

Having a tummy tuck is not an obstacle to getting pregnant. However, it should be kept in mind that natural changes due to pregnancy may lead to the loss of some of the gains obtained with tummy tuck surgery.

If gynecomastia is not advanced, sports or diet can be beneficial. For this reason, patients are primarily directed to exercise and diet. It is recommended that patients avoid food supplements and red fruits that may dilute the blood before surgery. Smoking is a factor that impairs wound healing. Quitting smoking 1 week before the surgery and not smoking for up to 1 week after the surgery will increase the success rate.

Radiotherapy can be applied for the treatment of Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour. This depends on the condition of the patient and tumour. While radiotherapy is used before surgical operation in some patients, it may be preferred after the operation in some patients. Positive results can be taken with high technology radiotherapy devices.

Sedation anesthesia is an excellent option for our patients who seek a fully painless procedure. The operation is performed from beginning to end without pain. However, hair transplant operations are mainly performed under local anesthesia. At the beginning of the surgery, pain may occur for a maximum of 3-5 minutes during local anesthesia. (The feeling changes depending on the person's pain threshold). Pain is not felt during or after the operation because the entire operation area is anesthetized with a local anesthetic.

The risks of these complications are always higher in the laparoscopic method (4.2%) and much lower (1%) in robotic technology.

• Infection
• Adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Blood clots
• Lung or breathing problems
• Leaks in the gastrointestinal tract
• Life risk (to the same degree as any general surgical operation)

It is a method generally used in noses with humps to reduce the ridge height of the nose. The ridge height of the nose is brought to the desired level with the rasp used in nasal aesthetic surgeries. In cases where the nasal hump is too high, the excess part can be removed by filing or cutting, according to the doctor's preference. However, it is a more controlled process to reach the desired level by filing the part with hump. In cases where the bridge of the nose is very high, rasping may not be enough. In some cases, where the hump is removed to the desired level, the ridge (roof) of the nose may remain open. In such cases, the side wall bones of the nose are broken inwards and a roof is formed again. However, in noses that do not have high humps, it can be reduced to the desired level by simply filing, without the need for this.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common specific ovulation problem. These patients can consult a physician with a wide range of complaints. In the mildest forms, the patient can only apply with the complaint of not being able to conceive without any menstrual problems or cosmetic-metabolic problems. Some women have male-type overweight and with excessive hairs and some women cannot menstruate for years. If this is the only problem, these women are usually the patient group with the most successful results in treatments.

The most important conditions to be considered in PCOS patients are insulin resistance, diabetes and other metabolic problems that should be recovered before treatment, as these are directly related to the chance of success and the health of the woman-pregnancy. In addition, the physician should monitor the patient very carefully in terms of the risk of hyperstimulation.

Studies conducted in cases where "in vitro fertilization-IVF" is applied in which sperms of a certain number and mobility can be used efficiently in IVF applications, that is, selected mobile sperms are placed in the same environment with egg cells and released to the natural fertilization process, have shown that there is a relation between the success of sperm fertilization and the severity of sperm deformities. Since the sperms with the most appropriate shape and structure possible are selected by the embryologists who apply the sperm procedure in the microinjection method, the morphological evaluation does not have effect as negative as thought in IVF treatment, except in some special cases.

Of course, special deformities such as Globozoospermia, where the fertilization ability of sperm is very difficult, need to be excluded from this situation.

Because coronary tomography does not contain any radioactive substance unlike nuclear medicine, there is no need to watch anything after the process.

Although no serious pain is felt, there may be mild pain if surgery is performed. If liposuction is to be performed, pain is not felt since the area is already filled with painkillers.

It is possible to use medications for Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumour in two ways. If chemotherapy will be applied within the planning of the treatment, the medications prescribed by an oncologist may be used and may also be prescribed for the pains.

Follicular Unit Extraction is the process of removing hair follicles from the donor area one by one with microsurgical instruments without incisions or stitches. The surgical method changes depending on the way the hair follicles are transplanted. Sapphire Fue, DHI

In obesity, the body produces certain hormones. These hormones will continue to remain in the first days after surgery. However, there are strong painkillers that are taken. There will be no pain, except for gas pain, until the gas is removed.

In art, the harmony of proportions between the parts of a whole has an aesthetic result. This ratio is mathematically referred to as the golden ratio. The golden ratio is observed in many living things of the body and nature, such as the arm and forearm, between the adjacent finger bones. In rhinoplasty, it is tried to be true to this rule, since obtaining ratios close to these ratios is more welcome in aesthetic perception. In rhinoplasty, attention is paid to the preservation of the golden ratio based on the wishes of the patients, and the existing variations are also tried to be taken into account.

In order to better explain this to the patient, plastic surgeons can show the planned nose with various 2D or 3D applications. By exchanging ideas on these applications, the patient and the doctor can determine the final shape of the nose to be made.

Although the patient's wishes are priority, it is necessary to act by considering the proportions of the face. Making a very large nose too small may create problems for the skin to adapt to this type of operation and may not produce satisfactory results in terms of desired results. It is important that the predicted results in the virtual environment show parallelism with the post-operative results and try to be realistic in terms of the trust relationship between the patient and the physician after the operation.

AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) test is a blood test to detect the egg reserve. There is no specific time period or precondition such as hunger for the test to be performed. This test result should still be interpreted by a specialist physician after the ultrasound-guided egg reserve is checked, and the test result should not be interpreted alone.

If the BetaHCG result is negative after the first IVF test, the woman is expected to menstruate. After the next menstrual period, 1 month break can be taken and the treatment can be started again. However, the main decision-maker here will be the physician.

No, no pain is felt.

After surgery, the patient is discharged on the same day or the day after. In most patients, the healing process does not affect their quality of life, and they do not experience pain. Depending on the size of the gynecomastia, the patient can return to their normal life after a short time. Gynecomastia is a disorder that requires good nutrition planning. For this reason, men should avoid gaining excess weight before and after the gynecomastia procedure, and if necessary, they should maintain their ideal weight under the control of a nutritionist and dietitian.

The spinal cord tumours originated from metastasis may appear in blood test but the tumours caused by the spinal cord itself do not appear in this test. The radiological methods like Magnetic Resonance (MR), Computer Tomography (CT) are used for the diagnosis in these tumours.

The hairline is not standard. It is determined in a personalized, natural look parallel to the line where the person's forehead brows end and the stable hair texture begins.

After the surgery, blood thinners are used for 6-8 weeks. Because melting fats will make blood flow difficult. These blood thinners and drunk water will ensure that the blood circulates easily in all veins (heart, leg, and lung). If blood thinners are not used, enough water is not drunk and sitting still in the same position for a long time, can lead to blockages in the veins we mentioned. To prevent this, blood thinners should be used, plenty of water should be drunk and movements should be done every 45 minutes to keep the leg veins active.

Although there is no problem for those with sinusitis to undergo rhinoplasty, it is more appropriate for patients with sinusitis to be operated first after the conditions that cause sinusitis and can be corrected by surgery are eliminated.

In elderly women, the chance of fertilization and pregnancy decreases with the decrease in egg reserve and quality. Although there are some vitamin-antioxidant preparations sold in the market to increase egg quality, there is no clear data that these increase quality.

In IVF treatment, mature eggs are collected and fertilization is achieved by microinjection. In medication-free IVF treatment (IVM), the eggs collected before they are fully mature are matured at the laboratory environment. The purpose of this treatment is to continue the treatment of patients who may possibly be harmed by the medications used for maturation of the eggs without giving these medications. The eggs whose growth is monitored are collected when they reach the desired size, and the eggs are allowed to mature at the laboratory environment for 24 hours. Then, the sperm taken from the patient's spouse is injected into the eggs by microinjection method and the obtained embryos are frozen and then transferred in another month. Today, we need less and less IVM methods, especially thanks to new treatment protocols.

Because allergy can develop as a result of the contrast substance given during the process, the allergic history of the patient is taken in details beforehand. If there is an allergic situation, the process is executed after giving the protective medicine and the patients are taken into surveillance for a longer time. In case of the patients with more serious allergic history like anaphylaxis, the Allergy Department is consulted and the precautions are discussed.

After the gynecomastia operation, patients should wear a corset, also known as a gynecomastia corset, for 2-3 weeks. The final result is obtained between 6-12 months. After the operation, as long as there is no serious weight change, the result of the operation is permanent, and there is no loss of sensation in the nipple.

Some benign spinal cord tumours with genetic tendency repeat themselves. Malignant tumours may also repeat themselves in the area where they are located.

You should inform your doctor in detail about any medications you are taking or any health problems you have before the surgery. Blood thinners, in particular, should be discontinued under the supervision of a physician.

14 days before the embryo transfer date and the last menstrual date is determined as 14 days before the embryo transfer. Or, the embryo transfer date is written in the last menstrual section of the ultrasonography device. Then, the gestational week is calculated by adding 2 weeks in the resulting gestational week.

It is generally recommended to stay away from extremely hot and humid places such as saunas, Turkish baths and not to swim in the pool and sea.

If there is a serious narrowness or insufficiency in mitral valve, the repair or replacement of valve with minimal invasive method can be applied nearly in all patients. Minimal invasive (small cut) methods provide tremendous benefits especially in the situations like diabetes, chronic lung disease or obesity which create high risk during the open surgical metyhods.

In the first week, rest as much as possible and upper body movements should be minimized. It is necessary to postpone weight lifting, strenuous work and exercises that require strength, walk to increase circulation and try not to drive as much as possible. After the first month, it is possible to do some heavy activities and exercises.

The pain is tried to be taken under control with strong painkillers before and after the surgical operation. On the other hand, the surgical processes like cutting the painful nerve may be applied for the pains which cannot be taken under control. In these cases, patients may continue their normal lives but do not feel the pain.

Yes, you need to inform your doctor in detail.

Nose aesthetic surgeries generally do not have a season. However, while it is a problem that the nasal plaster can loosen more easily as a result of sweating in hot weather, these problems are not experienced since the materials used in recent years provide air permeability. However, there are situations that patients with rhinoplasty in the summer should pay attention to. During the wound healing process, there is a possibility that the color of the surgical area may become darker with the effect of the sun and tanning. In order to protect from the effects of the sun, sunscreen creams and hats recommended by the doctor should be used.

Sunglasses, which are used more in the summer months, should not be used after the surgery. After the operation, you should not enter the sea and the pool for a period recommended by your plastic surgeon.

No, normal business and social life can continue. If there is smoking or alcohol use, restrictions should be imposed. Besides, no restrictive changes are recommended other than avoiding sexual intercourse and lifting heavy things after egg collection. However, most importantly, it is necessary to apply the medications recommended by the physician regularly and completely, and not to make any changes in any medication and dose without consulting the physician.

It is thought that in vitro fertilization treatments generally do not increase the pregnancy rates after 5 trials. However, we conducted 16th and 17th trials with a couple who came after 15 trials in 11 years among my own patients. The birth of their twins, which they obtained after the 17th trial, was also performed by us. However, these are, of course, extreme numbers; generally, a limit such as 5 trials is pronounced.

For the repair and replacement of mitral valve with minimal invasive method, it is sufficient to make an approximately 3 cm small cut from the 4th gap of the right chest wall. The main pathological areas in the wall are detected via a camera system which is placed to evaluate the valve. If any repair is to be done, the pathology in the area is repaired with various repair methods and the function loss in the valve is eliminated. If it is not suitable for repair, the valve is taken out after making the necessary measurements and the suitable metal or biological mitral valve is stitched onto this area.

the muscle, there is a low chance of damaging the pectoral muscle, rib cage, bones or lungs. For this reason, it is important that it is done by experts in equipped centers.

Before the hair transplantation, you will be examined for infectious diseases, which we call preoperative tests, as well as your blood values (HbsAg, HCV, HIV, blood count, blood clotting, blood group, and Covit test).

Since millimetric procedures are performed in rhinoplasty, it is not desired to have bleeding during surgery. Trying to perform such sensitive surgical procedures for a bleeding nose may complicate the surgeon's work and increase the swelling and bruises after the operation. For this reason, the techniques called traumatic method, which are performed by entering under the nasal cartilage membrane and bone membrane, where bleeding is the least, are preferred. Performing the operations from these areas will reduce bleeding and will also cause less edema and bruising after the surgery. Nose aesthetic surgeries are operations that are tried to be performed in a way to provide a bloodless environment.

Menopause is a process. Sometimes menstrual interruptions may occur in cases such as sudden mental traumas, excessive stress, diet, and physical exercise, such events do not mean menopause. Findings such as irregular menstrual bleeding after the age of 40, fever from time to time, and mental tension usually inform the premenopausal period. Then, the findings continue to increase. Failure to menstruate for 6 months and distress-sweating-fever and vaginal dryness may suggest menopause. Nevertheless, in order to be able to pronounce menopause, FSH hormone is measured and other symptoms are evaluated and the diagnosis is made if the patient cannot have menstruation for more than 6 months. Not every menstruation and irregularity is menopausal. To diagnose menopause, it is necessary to consult a physician and act accordingly upon examination and ultrasound data. Sometimes, women with PCO (polycystic ovary) or women with very low levels of hormones secreted by the brain, regulating the ovulation, may also have irregular menstruation and non-menstruation. It is absolutely necessary to consult a physician for definitive diagnosis.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may cause loss of reproductive function in women. Because these treatments can have a toxic effect on reproductive cells and ovaries, and therefore, women may lose their productivity. Being treated for cancer is not always an obstacle for being a mother. Before cancer treatment, women's eggs can be retrieved and frozen and stored. The same applies to the storage of spermatozoa in men. In particular, in young men and women, storage of reproductive cells before chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to be taken after the diagnosis of cancer is the primary measure to be taken to become a mother/father in the following period.

Not only in mitral valve diseases, minimal invasive can also be applied in case of other hearth operations like coronary bypass. Except the cosmetic advantages brought by the small cut, the most significant advantages are the minimum wound infection and bleeding complication, the more rapid recovery of lung functions and shorter inpatient stay in comparison with the open surgery. The recovery period of the cut bone is 8-12 weeks approximately in a patient who had open surgery and a serious movement restriction should be applied during this period. On the other hand, the patient can return the professional life and pre-operation living quality just in approximately 2-3 weeks in case of minimal invasive heart surgery.

• You should avoid alcohol and cigarettes one week before surgery.
• Information on the medications taken regularly should be given.
• If blood thinners, such as aspirin, coraspirin, or ecopiririn, are taken, they must be stopped five days before the doctor's appointment.
• Since hair transplantation is usually performed under local anesthesia, you should come to the surgery with a full stomach.
• When you come to the surgery, you should prefer clothes with buttons, snaps, or zippers on the front (Circle collar, round neck, clothes with neckline should not be worn).
• Drinks containing caffeine (coffee, etc.) should not be drunk, especially on the morning of the day of surgery.
• Hair should be washed on the day of surgery, but chemicals such as cream, hair spray, or gel should not be used.

Freezing egg/sperm cells in order to protect reproductive health before surgical interventions due to cancer etc. in women and men allows us to save the chance of becoming a mother/father in the future. However, if the woman also loses her uterus surgically, only that woman can have her own child through surrogacy, which is still prohibited by law in our country.

Single women are allowed to freeze their eggs in Turkey within the framework of the rules laid down in accordance with the legislation of the ÜYTE (REIT). First of all, the woman should definitely have an examination by an expert for egg reserve control and it is necessary to decide whether to perform egg freezing with these 2 data by looking at AMH (Anti Mullerien Hormone). Women with legally low ovarian reserve, a family history of early menopause, and having no previous children may freeze their eggs.

In the da Vinci robot, there is a console, a 3-d screen in the console and joysticks, just like in computer games. There are also 3 or 4 sticks. The operation is performed by managing the sticks via the joysticks. The actions can be taken via minimal cuts or no cut as in case of coronary artery bypass operations. In case of valve operations, a 2-3 cm cut is opened and the operation is performed from

there. Robotic surgery is a team work. There should be another surgeon to manage the console besides the performing surgeon, and also the nurse should be knowledgeable about the robotic surgery process.

Hair transplantation is performed on people of all ages who have completed their physiological development (after the age of 18).

Since the open technique used in rhinoplasty is performed with a small incision between the nostrils, there is a slight possibility of leaving a slight scar on this part of your nose after rhinoplasty. Since wound healing varies from person to person, this scar does not look the same for everyone. In the operations performed with the closed technique, there is no visible scar from the outside.

It is very important that you take all your previous examinations and follow-ups with you to the IVF units for pre-interviewing in terms of physician evaluation and requesting the missing examinations. Particularly if there is a uterine film, semen analysis, and hormone tests performed, these should be evaluated by the physician you will visit.

Septum, polyp or adhesions detected in the uterus are evaluated according to their location. Every polyp, every septum-like formation does not prevent pregnancy. If necessary, your doctor will give you detailed information about the hysteroscopy operation to be performed according to their size and the place they appear in the uterus.

In case of minimal invasive, that is, the robotic operations performed by the cuts which are smaller than the small cut method, the chest wall integrity is protected because the bone in the frontal wall of the chest has not been cut. This ensures the decrease of respiratory system problems which is frequently encountered after operations. The bleeding amount is so low during and after the operation, the patients are discharged mostly without needing the process of blood transfusion. With the accelerated recovery process, the duration of stay at intensive care unit decreases to 1 day, and the duration of stay at the service decreases to 3-4 days. On the other hand, the bone union takes approximately 2 months in case of open surgical methods. The patients are needed not to turn the other side in the bed, not to lift their arms higher than their head level and not to carry any load. On the other hand, the patients can lie down however they want after their drains are pulled, they can execute any activity they did previously like driving a car, swimming or lifting a load. The conventional surgical methods in which the chest bone is opened also cause cosmetic problems. Especially the young patients experience cosmetic and psychologic problems and this causes a longer recovery period. With the minimal invasive method, the chest gap is opened 6-7 cm, but with the robot this amount decreases 3-4 cm in the operations. As long as the arms are not upheld, no surgical mark can be seen.

The most critical aspect impacting the operation time is the number of grafts to be transplanted. The operation lasts on average 7-9 hours.

Depending on the type of trauma in rhinoplasty, sometimes no bruising is experienced. Depending on the procedure, swelling and bruising may vary. The bruises begin to turn yellow within 1 week and become invisible. On the 2nd day after the operation, swelling and edema are usually at the highest level. In the majority of patients, most of the edema passes in 1 week, while a small part of the edema can last up to 3 months.

Laparoscopy is an endoscopic surgery in which the abdomen can be observed. It is the best method called the gold standard in revealing the damage and problem in our patients who have problems with tubes. It is usually performed within one week after the end of menstruation and under general anesthesia. If there are serious problems with the tubes, for example, laparoscopy surgery is recommended in cases called hydrosalpenx, where the tube or tubes are blocked from the tip and filled with liquid. 
In addition, laparoscopy can also be performed in problems such as ovarian cysts, myoma or ectopic pregnancy.

If an ectopic pregnancy has occurred, the pregnancy can be tried again after 3 months, considering that it was diagnosed and treated in the first 2 months. If an operation is planned after ectopic pregnancy (laparoscopy), new treatment can be started 2 menstrual cycles later.

Everybody can be a candidate for cardiac robotic assisted surgery operations. Many operations like Coronary artery bypass surgery, congenital heart operations, arrhythmia operations, cardiac valve operations, septal defect operations, taking out the tumours in heart can be performed via robotic technology.

The number of grafts depends entirely on the balance between the area to be transplanted and the donor area. The number of grafts varies from person to person.

It is a situation that occurs when the swelling on the nasal dorsum decreases in cases such as the cartilage and bone supporting the nasal ridge are removed or not well supported in the rhinoplasty operation. In cases where nasal collapse is experienced, revision surgeries may be required, up to bone removal from the ribs.

Today, there are patient-friendly treatments in IVF treatment. In other words, low-dose treatments that can be self-applicable by the woman and that do not harm the health of the woman or her baby are applied in the long term.

If the woman is working during the treatment process, she will not need to take continuous leave from her job. They should only take one day off for egg collection and embryo transfer. In addition, after the transfer, the patient does not need to obtain permission since there is nothing to do other than taking his/her medication regularly. However, the patient may sometimes psychologically think that the chances may be higher if the woman is rested, particularly after the embryo transfer. Such a request is respected by considering the comfort and psychology of the patient.

Women and men are evaluated together in couples who apply due to the desire to have a baby. Almost 20% of couples applying to IVF centers do not have any problems in men or women; we call this group "unexplained infertility". In unexplained infertility tests and examinations, the unseen problem sometimes occurs while working with eggs and sperm cells during the laboratory stage, and pregnancy cannot be achieved even though there is no significant problem there. Here, of course, the age of the woman and ovarian reserve will also affect the success of getting pregnant very closely.

Robotic technology cannot be applied on the children below a certain age and weight, just like in the small cut operations. The minimum limit is accepted as 20-25 kg and 8-10 years because some of the equipments used in robotic technology may not be suitable for children. The tubules, named cannula, which are inserted in the veins to tie the heart to the lung machine, cannot be used in small children or infants. Besides this, robotic surgery cannot also be performed on the person s who had the lung diseases like pneumonia an tuberculosis or lung operations and then whose pleura has stuck on the chest wall. It is not possible to get rid of that stickiness and reach the heart. Moreover, small cut or robotic surgery is not preferred in case of the valve operations of the patients with seriously damaged heart functions, serious leakages in the aortic valve during the mitral interventions and in case of the necessity of another operation in the patients who had a previous valve operation with robotic surgery.

Hair transplantation can be completed in 1-2-3 sessions, depending on the individual's needs and the donor area's efficiency.

The decrease in the angle between the nose and the lip over time is considered as the loss of nasal tip height, nasal tip drooping. Especially in septum surgery, if the curved cartilage is located close to the tip of the nose and after this area is removed, if the nasal tip support weakens and no precautions are taken, loss of nasal tip height and nasal tip drooping, which decreases the nasal lip angle, is inevitable over time. In such patients, the situation can be prevented with applications that will support the tip of the nose. Sometimes, this angle, which is seen to be higher by the patients in the early postoperative period due to edema, decreases slightly when the edema decreases, and the patient may consider this as nasal tip droop. Since the edema is less in noses made with closed atraumatic techniques and the nasal tip ligaments are preserved, it does not show a significant change.

The techniques used in rhinoplasty operations are planned to preserve the shape of the nose for many years. After the operations performed by the surgeon with the correct technique, there is no drop in the tip of the nose.

A decline in genetically normal eggs is natural and becomes more common after the age of 34. However, there are also factors that decrease the ovarian reserve for women of any age. This includes smoking, ovarian scarring from endometriosis, and pelvic infections.

Complications from surgeries and other medical treatments, including cancer treatments, may also result in low-quality eggs. Aside from this, a small percentage of women, simply, are born with a lower number of eggs.

A low ovarian reserve does not mean that the available eggs are abnormal. With IVF treatments, women 40 years of age or older have a live birth rate of 20 per cent. A limited reserve may lower the chances of successful conception. However, Memorial Fertility center offers alternative solutions that may increase the odds.

The preparations to be done during the per operation process are also applicable for robotic surgery. The patients give up eating-drinking 1 day before the operation due to anaesthesia. Also the necessary blood tests are performed before operation. The functions of kidney, liver, respiration and carotid artery narrowness are investigated. If there is a problem regarding these, the patient is taken into treatment and then the operation starts.

Yes, it can be repeated. It can be repeated depending on the efficiency of the donor area and the frequency of the area to be planted.

Rhinoplasty prices vary according to the procedures to be performed. Depending on the size of the procedure to be performed, the operating hours are also extended. There is a difference between the pricing of a patient who will only have a nasal tip, and the pricing of a patient who has additional breathing problems. Different procedures, such as the hump on the back of the nose, the patient's previous nose surgery, and a new nose by removing the bone from the rib, cause different pricing.

Temporary odor problems may occur after rhinoplasty. The olfactory cells are close to the area of the nasal hump. Edema or damage to the mucous membrane that provides the smell while lowering the nose hump by cutting or rasping may cause problems in smelling. In extremely noses with large humps, the mucous membrane may be compressed in a narrow area while the nose is reduced. When the nose is lowered, the mucous membrane getting stuck in a narrow area or getting stuck can cause problems with smell.

The healing process after operation in robotic surgery is quite easy in comparison with the open surgery. Many limitations to be watched after open surgery are not applicable for robotic surgery. For example, the patients shouldn’t turn to left or right while laid down in bed for a month, and carry load above 5 kg. On the other hand, there are no such limitations in robotic surgery, so returning to the daily life happens earlier. There can be some situations to be noted before the operation which is to be performed via da Vinci robotic surgery, e.g. bypass or valve operation. The information regarding these is given before the discharge.

It can be performed on women. The process of hair loss in women is not the same as in men. If the doctor decides that the treatment does not bring results, the option of hair transplantation can be used.

The element which can be regarded as disadvantage is the cost. Because special robots are used during the process, the cost increases in comparison with the small incision method. On the other hand, it can be said that the recovery period and returning to social life is shorter in comparison with the conventional open surgery, even with the small incision method, so this diminishes this disadvantage. In the minimal invasive method, the moves more than the surgeon can do are ensured with 360 degree 3d images. Surgeons use special lenses, namely, loop, to have a better image, but the 3d image in robotic surgery does not necessitate the usage of this equipment. So the process is executed more clearly. For example, the bypass operations are extremely delicate operations which are performed with extremely thin robes, like a strand. Thanks to the decent imaging in robotic surgery, the vein stitches can be made more clearly. The imaging is better than the imaging which can be seen by human eye.

No, it will not. Since there are no incisions and stitches in the latest systemic leaf grafting methods that we use today, there is no scar left after the surgery.

After rhinoplasty, massage applications in the form of one-way stroking along the back of the nose and from the wings of the nose to the corners of the eyes can be recommended to the patient. The logic of massage is the process of increasing the circulation in this area by mechanically pressing. Accelerating circulation can be thought of as accelerating wound healing.

Although there is no pain like in case of the cut of thoracic bone, named as sternum, there can be some pain which can be alleviated via simple painkillers.

Hair transplantation is the safest solution to the problem of baldness.

For rhinoplasty, it would be appropriate to prefer fully equipped centers with experienced specialists and teams.

Robotic surgery is a method which takes some time to learn, just like small incision method. So the surgeon should take the training of robotic surgery to use it, besides, experience, surgical maturity and skilfulness are important. Even if the surgeon is familiar with the conventional operations, a special training is necessary to perform robotic surgery. So this method is safe if performed in safe hands and equipped centres

One week before hair transplantation, you should not consume alcohol and reduce smoking to a minimum.

Although there is no certain age limit, the additional risk factors which are brought by the advanced ages, like kidney or respiratory problems should be examined. If there is not such a problem, there is

no age limit. Regarding the minimum age limit, it is not suitable for small children and infants until reaching the below limit. Children above 20-25 kg and 8-10 years are accepted as the minimum limit.

Our nurses' shaving of the hair depends on the course of the operation, as requested by the doctor. Therefore you do not need to shave before you come to the operation.

The standard risks of conventional surgery are also applicable for the robotic method. On the other hand, all the necessary blood tests are performed before operation. The functions of kidney, liver, respiration and carotid artery narrowness are investigated beforehand. If there is a problem regarding these issues, the patient is taken into treatment and then the operation is performed.

The cost of the preoperative tests is included in the cost of the operation. In our hospital, they are definitely performed before surgery.

Hair follicles are transplanted to the hairless area from the part of the hairy tissue that is coded not to lose (the donor area). Hair is permanent for life since it is programmed not to lose hair (assuming there is no disease).

The survival rate of hair follicles varies depending on the region to which the hair follicle is transferred. It survives on average 90-95% when not exposed to harmful environmental factors.

The first three days after surgery are the sensitive period, and the first ten days are the special period. After the tenth wash, special applications that your doctor will recommend can be complementary treatments and care.

Yes, it can be performed. The hair follicles are transferred to the eyebrows, beard, and moustache areas.

No, there is no need to wait for the entire hair to lose. With the technique we use today, hair follicle transfer can be performed no matter how small the gap is.

In this disease, which we call alopecia areata, at least five years must have passed before hair transplantation can be performed.

New hairs do not grow in the donor area since the new location of the transplanted hair from the donor area is the transplanted area.

Yes, the results are permanent. Because the hair follicles taken for transplantation from the donor area are coded not to lose. They retain the same property in the region to which they are transferred.

Hair transplantation can be performed on any type of hair structure. The most important thing in this process is a healthy hair follicle. Whether they are wavy, straight, curly, or have a light or dark color, all hair follicles can be transplanted for planting purposes.

Yes, naturalness is our top priority in operation. We aim to reach a level of naturalness that will be unnoticeable during the procedure.

It is not about the method's effectiveness but applying the proper method to the right person. Sapphire Fue and DHI methods are effective and the latest advanced methods

The beard area between the chin and the neck, which is about three fingers wide, can be used as a donor. The hair follicle taken from this area can be transferred to the bald area.

Both techniques are the most advanced techniques of today. The best technique is used when the doctor determines the hair transplant method suitable for the type of hair loss, hair structure, and the area to be transplanted.

We usually use local anesthesia. Anesthesia with sedation is also performed at the patient's request.

Hair transplantation can be performed on tissues such as scars, burns, sutures in the hairy areas.

What kind of genetic structure a person's hair follicle has shown up as straight hair, wavy hair, and curly hair.

During the procedure, the pigment structure of the hair follicles is not affected. The hair follicle color from the donor area will be the same in the transplanted area. In rare cases, we can see that the transplanted follicle becomes a shade darker in some patients.

• FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction)
• In this procedure, hair follicles are removed individually from the donor area using microsurgical instruments without incisions or sutures.
• Because this technique uses the entire donor area, it is possible to harvest a very large number of grafts.
• After the operation, there are no scars in the donor area.
• If the person wishes, a second or even third session of hair transplantation can be performed on the same donor area a year later.
• The success rate after transplanting is 98% since the removed hair follicles are formed from solid hair follicles by being visible and selected.
• The recovery process is very fast. The donor area heals completely in an average of one week and ten days.

• FUT (Follicular Unit Transplantation)
• The hairy tissue is cut from the donor area about 1-1.5 cm wide and 15-20 cm long.
• The hairy tissue is closed by suturing.
• The recovery time is longer than with the Fue technique.
• A suture mark remains between the two ears after the surgery.
• As the scalp loses its elasticity, hair transplantation may not be possible in the second or third session.
• The hair follicles on the tissue taken from the donor area are separated individually and prepared for transplantation. The number of grafts to be transplanted is usually low since the number of grafts to be transplanted is limited to the one on this tissue.
• Because the hair follicles on the tissue harvested from the donor area are taken one by one, the loss rate is high. Hair transplantation has an average success rate of 80%.
• This method is not preferred today.

Only the person's follicle structure is used in hair transplantation procedures. Hair follicle transplantation is not performed from a different person.

The first three days after surgery are the sensitive phase.
The transplanted and donor areas are totally healed after the first week.
There is no crust, scar, wound, etc., on the 11th day following the operation; it is entirely healed.

No. It can be easily transplanted without damaging existing hair using Sapphire Fue and DHI techniques.

The bandage is removed on the first or second day after hair transplantation, and the tennis band is removed on the fourth day.

• FIRST THREE DAYS
• Apply ice to the temples and forehead (Apply the ice on the temple and forehead for 10 minutes at one-hour intervals). Ice should not be used on the transplanted area or the eyelid. )
• Do not engage in any sexual activity.

• FIRST FIVE DAYS
• Because you're on antibiotics, you shouldn't drink alcohol.
• Do not smoke, as it negatively affects the circulation and prevents the healthy nutrition of the planted hair follicles.
• To prevent or more gently overcome swelling (edema), wear the sports band continuously during the times when you do not apply ice (Headband prevents or minimizes swelling).
• Sleep with a high or double pillow on your back (It is recommended to use a travel pillow).
• Drink plenty of fluids. Avoid salty food.

• FIRST TEN DAYS
• In the first ten days, avoid sports that involve a lot of physical activity. Do not bend down and pick up heavy objects from the floor.
• Sports hats, berets, bandanas, and headscarves (not too tight) can be used beginning on the tenth day of the operation.
• After ten days, you can comb your hair again. You can massage with your fingertips.

• FIRST MONTH
• Do not enter the pool, Turkish bath, sauna, or solarium.
• Protect the hair transplant area from the hot sun.
• Do not use motorcycle helmets and helmets.
• One month after the hair transplant, you can use the medical treatments recommended by your physicians such as, mesotherapy, gf, and hair laser to accelerate hair growth and nourish your existing hair.
• Due to reduced oxygen transport, transplanted hair follicles lose existing hair strands within 3-4 weeks, which is a development we expect. Because the transplanted hair follicles are strong, they develop new hair strands in 12-14 weeks and grow an average of 1 cm every month.
• Do not have a haircut during this time (After one month, only scissors can be used in the transplanted area, in the donor area, you can use scissors or hair clippers).

• FIRST THREE MONTHS
• Do not do chemical applications such as using hair dyes, etc.
• After surgery (especially from the 3rd month), as the phase of hair loss ends and the hair in the transplant area begins to grow, minor pimple-like redness may appear at the bottom of the hair during this time, which you should report to your doctor.

• FIRST SIX MONTHS
• After the first six months, you can have your hair cut any way you want.

You can continue your normal social life eleven days following the hair transplant procedure because there will be no traces in the transplanted area. From the first month, you can continue to enjoy all of your favorite activities, such as the sea, pool, hammam, and sports.

It's possible.

The transplanted hair will lose in the first month after a hair transplant. The hair will begin to grow slowly after the third month. 50% of the hairs transplanted will have grown in the first six months. It takes one year for all the transplanted hair to grow in the anterior regions and 1.5 years in the parietal region.

From the first day after the hair transplant, the hair is washed.

There is no need to remove sutures with the sapphire Fue and DHI procedures that we mainly use today because there are no incisions or sutures.

For the first month after hair transplantation, we advise you to avoid intense sports that require conditioning. But in this period, you can walk briskly or normally.

Alcohol should not be consumed after hair transplantation, especially in the first ten days. Smoking should be reduced to a minimum.

It can be colored from the third month after hair transplantation.

• NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE AND PREVENT HAIR LOSS
• Protein: The hair has a structure composed mainly of protein. Therefore, a high protein diet is important for hair. Studies have shown that soy proteins strengthen hair and increase growth by 15%. For this purpose, tofu and soy milk can be included in the diet. Low-fat cheese, eggs, fish, peas, and yogurt, in addition to beef, mutton, and lamb, are other protein-rich foods.
• Biotin: It is very important for hair and skin health. It converts proteins and lipids into energy effectively. To reduce the effect of hair loss, 600 micrograms should be taken daily for at least three months.
• Silica is another essential nutrient for hair. Silica is abundant in potato peels, green peppers, bell peppers, and cucumbers. If tablet support is required, you will find it with zinc in the preparation sold under the name Metagenics Zinc.
• Iron: Anemia is one of the most important causes of hair loss. Foods such as iron-rich liver, other offal, whole grain flour products, dark green vegetables, eggs slow hair loss.
• Diet: Diets containing fewer than 1000 calories induce hair loss in a short period. Especially after surgery, you should not make such sudden and strict diets.

After hair transplantation, you should not wear accessories such as hats and caps. You can use a hat after the tenth hair wash.

In rare cases, some people may experience itching. You can contact your doctor if you experience itching.

For the first three days, avoid sexual activity.

No hospitalization is required after hair transplantation. Even for our patients who come from out of town, staying in the house or hotel is not a problem after the operation.

It may vary depending on the work you do. For activities that do not require effort, you can return to your desk as early as three days after hair transplantation for activities that require a lot of effort and strength, after an average of 1 week.