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The process of fertilization by combining spermatozoa and egg cells in a laboratory environment is called "IVF method".

While applying the microinjection technique, a single sperm cell taken from the father candidate is placed in the egg cell obtained from the mother candidate with a thin needle under a microscope and fertilization is achieved. For this reason, the chance of fertilization and pregnancy is increased with the microinjection method, especially in male-induced infertility.

Methods used to detect and avoid transmission to the embryo of serious diseases caused by genetic abnormalities and/or chromosomal abnormalities that sometimes make getting pregnant imposible, cause premature pregnancy loss or lead to the birth o a child with special needs

What is PGD? And why it is important?

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PDG) or the pre-implantation genetic test (PGT) is a genetic analysis of the embryo that is performed by studying a biopsy of its cells prior to transfer to the mother’s uterus. The information obtained means that we can:

• Avoid the transfer of embryos that, would lead to premature pregnancy loss or that would not lead to the birth of a healthy child.
• Locate and prevent serious illnesses in the embryo caused by genetic abnormalities.

Types of Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis

• Chromosomal abnormality PGT-A. An aneuploidy detection pre-implantation genetic test.
• PGT-M pre-implantation genetic test for detecting monogenic disorders.
• PGT-SR for structural abnormality diagnosis.

There is no difference between frozen embryo transfer and fresh transfer in terms of pregnancy rate. In some cases, embryo transfer with freezing-thawing can positively affect the pregnancy rates.

Women and men are evaluated together in couples who apply due to the desire to have a baby. Almost 20% of couples applying to IVF centers do not have any problems in men or women; we call this group "unexplained infertility". In unexplained infertility tests and examinations, the unseen problem sometimes occurs while working with eggs and sperm cells during the laboratory stage, and pregnancy cannot be achieved even though there is no significant problem there. Here, of course, the age of the woman and ovarian reserve will also affect the success of getting pregnant very closely.

A decline in genetically normal eggs is natural and becomes more common after the age of 34. However, there are also factors that decrease the ovarian reserve for women of any age. This includes smoking, ovarian scarring from endometriosis, and pelvic infections.

Complications from surgeries and other medical treatments, including cancer treatments, may also result in low-quality eggs. Aside from this, a small percentage of women, simply, are born with a lower number of eggs.

A low ovarian reserve does not mean that the available eggs are abnormal. With IVF treatments, women 40 years of age or older have a live birth rate of 20 per cent. A limited reserve may lower the chances of successful conception. However, Memorial Fertility center offers alternative solutions that may increase the odds.